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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 2, 2026

Determination of Molecular Structures of HIV Envelope Glycoproteins using Cryo-Electron Tomography and Automated Sub-tomogram Averaging

Determination of Molecular Structures of HIV Envelope Glycoproteins using Cryo-Electron Tomography and Automated Sub-tomogram Averaging

Published on: December 1, 2011

Microsecond dynamics control the HIV-1 Envelope conformation.

Ashley L Bennett¹, Robert Edwards¹, Irina Kosheleva²

¹Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.

Science Advances

|February 2, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers studied HIV-1 Envelope glycoprotein dynamics using time-resolved X-ray scattering. They uncovered microsecond timescale transitions crucial for controlling its structure and impacting HIV vaccine design.

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Last Updated: May 2, 2026

Determination of Molecular Structures of HIV Envelope Glycoproteins using Cryo-Electron Tomography and Automated Sub-tomogram Averaging

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Published on: December 1, 2011

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Conformational Evaluation of HIV-1 Trimeric Envelope Glycoproteins Using a Cell-based ELISA Assay

Conformational Evaluation of HIV-1 Trimeric Envelope Glycoproteins Using a Cell-based ELISA Assay

Published on: September 14, 2014

Area of Science:

Structural biology
Virology
Biophysics

Background:

The HIV-1 Envelope (Env) glycoprotein drives viral entry via complex structural changes.
Understanding Env dynamics is key to developing effective HIV vaccines.
Previous studies lacked experimental data on microsecond timescale Env dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the microsecond timescale dynamics of the HIV-1 Env glycoprotein.
To identify novel structural transitions and their functional relevance.
To inform the design of improved HIV Env-based vaccines.

Main Methods:

Time-resolved, temperature-jump small-angle X-ray scattering (TR-T-jump SAXS).
Analysis of HIV-1 Env SOSIP ectodomain constructs.
Engineering of disulfide-stabilized Env constructs.

Main Results:

Observed microsecond timescale structural rearrangements in Env variants.
Identified a known transition with a time constant in the hundreds of microseconds.
Discovered a novel order-to-disorder transition at the trimer apex below 10 μs.
Engineered a stabilized Env SOSIP construct in the prefusion closed state.

Conclusions:

Microsecond dynamics are critical for controlling HIV Env conformation.
These dynamics have significant implications for HIV vaccine development.
Stabilizing the prefusion closed state is a viable strategy for vaccine design.