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Area of Science:

  • Exercise Physiology
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Adolescent Health

Background:

  • Adolescents exhibit later sleep-wake cycles, potentially impacting morning alertness and learning readiness.
  • High-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) is known to acutely enhance cognitive functions in adolescents.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if the cognitive benefits of HIIE differ when performed in the morning versus the afternoon in adolescents.
  • To compare the effects of morning HIIE, afternoon HIIE, and a no-exercise control on cognitive performance throughout the day.

Main Methods:

  • A within-subjects design involving 37 adolescents (13.7 ± 0.4 years) completing three conditions: morning HIIE, afternoon HIIE, and a control (no exercise).
  • HIIE protocol consisted of 10 sprints of 10 seconds each, separated by 50-second walking intervals.
  • Cognitive function, specifically reaction time and accuracy, was assessed using computerized tasks at four time points daily.

Main Results:

  • Morning HIIE significantly improved reaction time 45 minutes post-exercise, with benefits persisting for a later time point.
  • Afternoon HIIE did not yield significant improvements in reaction time compared to the control condition.
  • Morning HIIE resulted in quicker reaction times compared to both the control and afternoon HIIE conditions.

Conclusions:

  • High-intensity interval exercise may be more effective for enhancing adolescent cognitive function when performed in the morning.
  • Morning exercise could be a viable strategy to improve cognitive readiness in adolescents.