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Utilization of Plasmonic and Photonic Crystal Nanostructures for Enhanced Micro- and Nanoparticle Manipulation
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Smart colloidal photonic crystal sensors.

Yang Hu1, Ziqiang Tian1, Dekun Ma1

  • 1Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China.

Advances in Colloid and Interface Science
|February 2, 2024
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Summary

Smart colloidal photonic crystals (PCs) offer high-sensitivity, visual sensing by changing structural colors. This review details their fabrication, structure, sensing mechanisms, and diverse applications for various analytes.

Keywords:
Photonic crystalsReflection wavelengthRefractive indexSensorsStimuliStructural colors

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Optics

Background:

  • Smart colloidal photonic crystals (PCs) exhibit stimuli-responsive properties.
  • These materials feature periodic micro/nano-structures, photonic bandgaps, and structural colors.
  • Their unique characteristics enable high sensitivity, visual readout, and wireless sensing capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review smart colloidal PC sensors.
  • To summarize their fabrication methods, structural types, sensing mechanisms, and applications.
  • To discuss current challenges and future prospects in the field.

Main Methods:

  • Self-assembly processes (supersaturation, polymerization, evaporation, shear, interaction, field-induced) for PC fabrication.
  • Classification of PC structures into closely packed and non-closely packed nano-structures.
  • Explanation of sensing mechanisms based on Bragg's law (changes in refractive index, lattice constant, order degree).

Main Results:

  • Detailed introduction of PC sensor applications for diverse analytes including solvents, vapors, humidity, mechanical force, temperature, electrical/magnetic fields, pH, and ions/molecules.
  • Demonstration of structural color and reflection signal changes as sensing outputs.
  • Summary of fabrication techniques and structural classifications.

Conclusions:

  • Smart colloidal PCs are versatile sensors with significant potential.
  • Further research is needed to address current challenges and unlock future prospects.
  • The review provides a comprehensive overview of the field for researchers and developers.