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Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

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Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
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Updated: Jul 4, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advancing Facial Rejuvenation Therapy with Post-Laser Salicylic Acid Application
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Injectable Fillers for Lower Face Rejuvenation.

Majid Rezaei1, Evan Busby1, Tirbod Fattahi1

  • 1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida Health, Jacksonville, FL, USA.

Atlas of the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics of North America
|February 2, 2024
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Aging affects the lower face through volume loss, laxity, and bone changes, leading to jowls and jawline concerns. Non-surgical treatments are increasingly popular for rejuvenation.

Keywords:
Injectable fillerJaw lineLower faceNonsurgical

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Area of Science:

  • Aesthetic Medicine
  • Facial Anatomy
  • Aging Research

Background:

  • The lower face significantly contributes to overall facial aesthetics.
  • Age-related changes include volume loss, fat repositioning, skin laxity, and bone resorption.
  • These changes manifest as jowling, loss of jawline definition, and chin retrusion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the aging process of the lower face.
  • To discuss available surgical and non-surgical treatment options.
  • To highlight the growing trend in non-surgical facial rejuvenation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of aging in the lower face.
  • Analysis of common aesthetic concerns in the lower facial region.
  • Overview of current therapeutic interventions.

Main Results:

  • Aging impacts the lower face through multiple mechanisms.
  • Both surgical and non-surgical modalities can address these concerns.
  • Non-surgical treatments have seen a significant rise in popularity over the past 20 years.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding lower facial aging is crucial for aesthetic practitioners.
  • A range of options exists for lower face rejuvenation.
  • The increasing demand for non-surgical procedures reflects patient preference for minimally invasive approaches.