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Related Concept Videos

CRISPR01:59

CRISPR

51.0K
Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
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CRISPR and crRNAs02:53

CRISPR and crRNAs

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Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
The CRISPR-Cas system stores a copy of foreign DNA in the host genome and uses it to identify the foreign DNA upon reinfection. CRISPR-Cas has three different...
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Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

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The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
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Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation02:53

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

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Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...
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Updated: Jul 4, 2025

CRISPR Epigenome Editing in Human Cells using Plasmid DNA Transfection and mRNA Nucleofection Delivery
07:49

CRISPR Epigenome Editing in Human Cells using Plasmid DNA Transfection and mRNA Nucleofection Delivery

Published on: May 30, 2025

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CRISPR technologies for genome, epigenome and transcriptome editing.

Lukas Villiger1, Julia Joung2,3, Luke Koblan2,3

  • 1McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, Cambridge, MA, USA.

Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology
|February 2, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

CRISPR gene editing technology is rapidly advancing, offering new tools for modifying genomes, epigenomes, and transcriptomes. These CRISPR systems show promise for fundamental research and human health applications.

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Last Updated: Jul 4, 2025

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Genome sequencing capacity outpaces genome editing capabilities.
  • CRISPR biology understanding is rapidly growing, bridging this gap.
  • CRISPR applications extend to genome, epigenome, and transcriptome engineering.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Review recent developments in CRISPR-based genome and transcriptome engineering systems.
  • Discuss the expanding applicability of CRISPR editing through new enzyme discoveries.
  • Highlight the strengths, weaknesses, and applications of current CRISPR tools.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent CRISPR-based systems for transient and permanent modification.
  • Discussion of functional metagenomics for discovering new CRISPR enzymes.
  • Analysis of engineered Cas variants for diverse editing capabilities.

Main Results:

  • CRISPR-based systems offer transient or permanent genome and transcriptome modification.
  • Functional metagenomics has expanded the range of CRISPR editing tools.
  • Engineered Cas variants provide base editing, prime editing, gene insertion, and regulation.

Conclusions:

  • CRISPR tools offer diverse capabilities for scientific research and therapeutics.
  • Evaluating CRISPR tool efficiency, precision, specificity, and DNA repair reliance is crucial.
  • Ongoing clinical trials demonstrate the significant potential of CRISPR systems in human health.