Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

44.4K
The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
44.4K
Association Areas of the Cortex01:21

Association Areas of the Cortex

5.3K
Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
5.3K
Alzheimer's Disease: Overview01:26

Alzheimer's Disease: Overview

487
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
The clinical diagnosis of AD hinges on the presence of memory and other cognitive impairments. Biomarkers, such as changes in Aβ...
487
Neuron Structure01:30

Neuron Structure

12.9K
Neurons are the main type of cell in the nervous system that generate and transmit electrochemical signals. They primarily communicate with each other using neurotransmitters at specific junctions called synapses. Neurons come in many shapes that often relate to their function, but most share three main structures: an axon and dendrites that extend out from a cell body.
Structure and Function of Neurons
The neuronal cell body—the soma— houses the nucleus and organelles vital to...
12.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Astrocytes at the crossroads of obstructive sleep apnea and Alzheimer's disease: from oxygen sensing to neurodegeneration.

Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung·2026
Same author

Early PSA-NCAM reduction in the dentate gyrus and impaired plasticity in the Alzheimer´s disease 3xTg-mice model.

Acta histochemica·2024
Same author

Adsorption of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid on activated carbons from macadamia nut shells.

Environmental research·2024
Same author

Astrocyte S100β expression and selective differentiation to GFAP and GS in the entorhinal cortex during ageing in the 3xTg-Alzheimer's disease mouse model.

Acta histochemica·2023
Same author

Prominent and conspicuous astrocyte atrophy in human sporadic and familial Alzheimer's disease.

Brain structure & function·2023
Same author

Neuroanatomical and morphometric study of S100β positive astrocytes in the entorhinal cortex during ageing in the 3xTg-Alzehimer's disease mouse model.

Neuroscience letters·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2025

Abbiategrasso Brain Bank Protocol for Collecting, Processing and Characterizing Aging Brains
12:28

Abbiategrasso Brain Bank Protocol for Collecting, Processing and Characterizing Aging Brains

Published on: June 3, 2020

17.4K

Entorhinal cortex astrocytic atrophy in human frontotemporal dementia.

J J Rodríguez1,2, F Zallo3,4, E Gardenal3,4

  • 1Functional Neuroanatomy Group; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009, Bilbao, Spain. j.rodriguez-arellano@ikerbasque.org.

Brain Structure & Function
|February 2, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Fronto Temporal Dementia (FTD) involves astrocyte atrophy, particularly in the entorhinal cortex. This study highlights gliopathology, revealing significant changes in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive astrocytes, crucial for understanding FTD.

Keywords:
AstrocytesAtrophyDementiaEntorhinal cortexFTDGFAPGS

More Related Videos

A Comprehensive Protocol for Manual Segmentation of the Medial Temporal Lobe Structures
12:30

A Comprehensive Protocol for Manual Segmentation of the Medial Temporal Lobe Structures

Published on: July 2, 2014

20.3K
An Alternative Approach to Study Primary Events in Neurodegeneration Using Ex Vivo Rat Brain Slices
07:57

An Alternative Approach to Study Primary Events in Neurodegeneration Using Ex Vivo Rat Brain Slices

Published on: April 11, 2018

7.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 4, 2025

Abbiategrasso Brain Bank Protocol for Collecting, Processing and Characterizing Aging Brains
12:28

Abbiategrasso Brain Bank Protocol for Collecting, Processing and Characterizing Aging Brains

Published on: June 3, 2020

17.4K
A Comprehensive Protocol for Manual Segmentation of the Medial Temporal Lobe Structures
12:30

A Comprehensive Protocol for Manual Segmentation of the Medial Temporal Lobe Structures

Published on: July 2, 2014

20.3K
An Alternative Approach to Study Primary Events in Neurodegeneration Using Ex Vivo Rat Brain Slices
07:57

An Alternative Approach to Study Primary Events in Neurodegeneration Using Ex Vivo Rat Brain Slices

Published on: April 11, 2018

7.0K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neuropathology
  • Astrocyte Biology

Background:

  • The pathophysiology of Fronto Temporal Dementia (FTD) is not fully understood, with the specific role of astroglia being unclear.
  • Research on astrocytic alterations in human dementia, particularly at the anatomical and morphometric level, is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the hypothesis that astrocytic alterations contribute to FTD pathophysiology.
  • To explore the anatomical and morphometric characteristics of astrocytes in the human entorhinal cortex (EC) of FTD patients.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted a tri-dimensional (3-D) anatomical and morphometric study.
  • Analyzed glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive and glutamine synthetase (GS)-positive astrocytes in the human entorhinal cortex (EC).
  • Compared FTD patient samples with non-dementia (ND) control samples.

Main Results:

  • Observed significant astrocyte atrophy in GFAP-positive astrocytes in FTD patients compared to controls.
  • Characterized this atrophy by a decrease in the area and volume of GFAP-positive and GFAP/GS co-expressing astrocytes.
  • Found only minor changes in GS-positive astrocytes, suggesting specific astrocytic subtypes are affected.

Conclusions:

  • Provides evidence for astrocyte atrophy and dysfunction in the human entorhinal cortex in FTD.
  • Hypothesizes that FTD is a gliopathological disease, not solely neuropathological.
  • Emphasizes the critical role of astrocytes in FTD pathological processes and disease development.