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Related Concept Videos

Electrolyte and Nonelectrolyte Solutions02:21

Electrolyte and Nonelectrolyte Solutions

63.0K
Substances that undergo either a physical or a chemical change in solution to yield ions that can conduct electricity are called electrolytes. If a substance yields ions in solution, that is, if the compound undergoes 100% dissociation, then the substance is a strong electrolyte. Complete dissociation is indicated by a single forward arrow. For example, water-soluble ionic compounds like sodium chloride dissociate into sodium cations and chloride anions in aqueous solution.
63.0K
Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

41.6K
Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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Solubility Equilibria03:07

Solubility Equilibria

52.7K
Solubility equilibria are established when the dissolution and precipitation of a solute species occur at equal rates. These equilibria underlie many natural and technological processes, ranging from tooth decay to water purification. An understanding of the factors affecting compound solubility is, therefore, essential to the effective management of these processes. This section applies previously introduced equilibrium concepts and tools to systems involving dissolution and precipitation.
The...
52.7K
Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

14.3K
Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
14.3K
Solubility of Ionic Compounds02:55

Solubility of Ionic Compounds

63.2K
Solubility is the measure of the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given quantity of solvent at a given temperature and pressure. Solubility is usually measured in molarity (M) or moles per liter (mol/L). A compound is termed soluble if it dissolves in water.
63.2K
Acid Halides to Alcohols: LiAlH4 Reduction01:19

Acid Halides to Alcohols: LiAlH4 Reduction

2.8K
Acid halides are reduced to alcohols in the presence of a strong reducing agent like lithium aluminum hydride.
The mechanism proceeds in three steps. First, the nucleophilic hydride ion attacks the carbonyl carbon of the acid halide to form a tetrahedral intermediate. Next, the carbonyl group is re-formed, and the halide ion departs as a leaving group, generating an aldehyde. A second nucleophilic attack by the hydride yields an alkoxide ion, which, upon protonation, gives a primary alcohol as...
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Updated: Jul 4, 2025

Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications
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Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications

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High-Humidity-Tolerant Chloride Solid-State Electrolyte for All-Solid-State Lithium Batteries.

Kai Wang1,2, Zhenqi Gu2, Haoxuan Liu3

  • 1School of Materials & Energy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|February 2, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a new indium-doped zirconium chloride solid-state electrolyte that overcomes moisture issues in all-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs). This novel electrolyte offers improved ionic conductivity and stability for practical ASSLB applications.

Keywords:
aliovalent substitutionall‐solid‐state lithium batterieschloride solid‐state electrolyteshumidity tolerance

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Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature
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Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques
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Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques
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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Solid-State Chemistry

Background:

  • Halide solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) are crucial for all-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs).
  • Current zirconium-based chloride SSEs face challenges like moisture sensitivity, low conductivity, and poor thermal stability, hindering ASSLB commercialization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel indium-doped zirconium-based chloride solid-state electrolyte.
  • To address the limitations of existing chloride SSEs, enhancing performance for ASSLBs.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of indium-doped zirconium-based chloride (hc-Li2+xZr1-xInxCl6).
  • Characterization of ionic conductivity, thermal stability, and hygroscopic reversibility.
  • Assembly and testing of all-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) using the novel electrolyte.

Main Results:

  • The novel hc-Li2+xZr1-xInxCl6 exhibits enhanced ionic conductivity (up to 1.4 mS cm-1) and thermal stability (350 °C).
  • Demonstrated significant hygroscopic reversibility (82.5% recovery) after humidity exposure and heat treatment.
  • ASSLBs assembled with the electrolyte showed 71% capacity retention after 500 cycles.

Conclusions:

  • Indium doping improves lattice structure, reducing Li-ion migration energy barriers and enabling reversible hydration/dehydration.
  • The developed high-humidity-tolerant chloride electrolyte is a promising candidate for the industrialization of ASSLBs.