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Structural Racism and Health Stratification: Connecting Theory to Measurement.
Tyson H Brown1, Patricia Homan2
1Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
Journal of Health and Social Behavior
|February 3, 2024
Summary
Structural racism significantly impacts health disparities, particularly for Black individuals. This research developed a new measure to quantify state-level structural racism and its association with health outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Sociology
- Health Equity
Background:
- Racialized health inequities are understudied regarding their root cause: structural racism.
- A gap exists between the conceptualization and measurement of structural racism.
- U.S. states are conceptualized as institutional actors influencing health through racialization.
Purpose of the Study:
- To inform measurement approaches by distilling central tenets of structural racism theories.
- To develop and validate a novel latent measure of structural racism at the U.S. state level.
- To quantify the association between state-level structural racism and individual health outcomes.
Main Methods:
- Distilled theories of structural racism to guide measurement.
- Developed a latent measure of state-level structural racism.
- Employed multilevel models using data from the Health and Retirement Study (N = 9,020) and the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (N = 308,029).
Main Results:
- Structural racism was consistently associated with poorer health outcomes for Black individuals.
- No significant association was found between structural racism and health outcomes for White individuals.
- A publicly available measure of structural racism was created to facilitate further research.
Conclusions:
- This study provides theoretical, methodological, and substantive contributions to understanding structural racism and health.
- Structural racism is a critical determinant of health inequities, disproportionately affecting Black populations.
- Future research should continue to explore the multifaceted impacts of structural racism on diverse health outcomes.
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