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Related Concept Videos

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Presystemic Elimination01:24

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Presystemic Elimination

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The pharmacokinetic journey of oral drugs begins with a crucial first pass through the hepatic portal system, called the first-pass effect. This first pass significantly impacts bioavailability — the proportion of a drug that enters systemic circulation and is available for therapeutic action. The primary route sees the drug absorbed by intestinal membranes and then shunted to the liver via the hepatic portal vein. Here, pre-systemic elimination occurs as drugs face metabolism or biliary...
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Drug Delivery: Enteral Route01:18

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The enteral drug administration involves three primary routes: oral, sublingual, and buccal. Oral ingestion is the most prevalent, safe, economical, and convenient method for drug administration. However, it has certain drawbacks, including limited absorption due to the drug's low water solubility or poor membrane permeability, possible emesis from GI mucosa irritation, destruction of drugs by digestive enzymes or low gastric pH, and irregular absorption along with food or other drugs.
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Factors Affecting Dissolution: Drug Permeability, Stability and Stereochemistry01:20

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Drug Permeability, Stability and Stereochemistry

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Orally administered drugs primarily enter the systemic circulation via passive diffusion through the intestinal membranes. The drug's absorption is influenced by drug stability in the gastrointestinal GI tract, membrane permeability, the surface area available for absorption, luminal drug concentration, and residence time in the lumen. Drug permeability can be enhanced by adjusting the lipophilicity, polarity, or molecular size of the drug, promoting its passive transport across intestinal...
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Methods for Studying Drug Absorption: In situ01:09

Methods for Studying Drug Absorption: In situ

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In situ experiments, such as the Doluisio method and Single-Pass Perfusion technique, provide critical insights into drug uptake by simulating in vivo conditions for drug absorption.
The Doluisio method involves perfusing a prepared segment of a rat's small intestine with a solution of radiolabeled drug and a non-absorbable marker. This helps to differentiate between absorbed and non-absorbed drug concentrations. The intestinal segment is connected at both ends using tubing and syringes,...
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Routes of Drug Administration: Parenteral01:25

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The administration of drugs via parenteral routes allows for direct drug introduction into the systemic circulation, resulting in high bioavailability because the medication bypasses the harsh conditions of the gastrointestinal tract and hepatic metabolism.
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Routes of Drug Administration: Enteral01:18

Routes of Drug Administration: Enteral

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Medications can be administered through the enteral route using liquids, capsules, or tablets.
Enteral administration involves drug administration via the mouth in two ways: orally or sublingually.
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  7. Inorganic Chemistry
  9. Inorganic Green Chemistry
  11. Isosorbide, A Versatile Green Chemical: Elucidating Its Adme Properties For Safe Use

Isosorbide, a versatile green chemical: Elucidating its ADME properties for safe use

Gi Beom Kim1, Jeong In Seo1, Myung Chan Gye2

  • 1Pharmacomicrobiomics Research Center and College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea.

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
|February 4, 2024

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View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study investigated the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of isosorbide in rats. Isosorbide demonstrates rapid absorption, high bioavailability, and efficient urinary excretion, indicating favorable pharmacokinetic properties.

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacokinetics and Toxicology
  • Green Chemistry and Biomaterials

Background:

  • Isosorbide is a renewable chemical with growing applications as a bisphenol A substitute and in materials science.
  • Limited data exists on the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of isosorbide, hindering comprehensive safety assessments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the ADME profile of isosorbide in a rat model.
  • To provide crucial data for the safety evaluation and expanded use of isosorbide.

Main Methods:

  • Administration of isosorbide to rats.
  • Quantification of isosorbide levels in biological samples using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).
  • Assessment of metabolic stability and excretion routes.

Main Results:

Keywords:
ADMEGC-MSGreen chemicalIsosorbide

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  • Isosorbide showed rapid absorption and elimination with 96.1% bioavailability.
  • Metabolic stability assays confirmed isosorbide's stability.
  • Primary excretion route identified as urine, indicating prompt elimination.

Conclusions:

  • Isosorbide exhibits favorable ADME characteristics in rats.
  • The findings support the safety assessment of isosorbide for its diverse applications.
  • This research facilitates the continued adoption of isosorbide in various industrial and pharmaceutical sectors.