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Correlation Between Proinflammatory Cytokine Expression and Clinical Data in Apical Granuloma.

Renata C V Rodrigues1, Mariana T M Porpino2, Nilton Dessaune-Neto2

  • 1Faculty of Dentistry and Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Faculty of Dentistry, Veiga de Almeida University, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Journal of Endodontics
|February 4, 2024
PubMed
Summary

High expression of IFN-γ and TGF-β was observed in apical granulomas. However, only IL-2 and IL-5 cytokine levels correlated with clinical symptoms and time since root canal treatment.

Keywords:
Apical granulomaapical periodontitiscytokinesimmunohistochemistry

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Area of Science:

  • Oral pathology
  • Immunology
  • Endodontics

Background:

  • Apical granulomas are inflammatory lesions often occurring after root canal treatment.
  • CD4+ T cells secrete various cytokines involved in the inflammatory process.
  • Understanding cytokine expression in apical granulomas can provide insights into treatment outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the expression of key inflammatory cytokines (IL-2, IL-5, IL-17, TGF-β, TNF-α, IFN-γ) in apical granulomas.
  • To correlate cytokine expression with clinical conditions and the time elapsed since root canal treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Immunohistochemical analysis of 18 apical granuloma biopsy specimens.
  • Evaluation of cytokine expression using optical microscopy.
  • Correlation analysis between cytokine levels, clinical data, and treatment duration.

Main Results:

  • Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) showed the highest expression levels.
  • Significant differences in expression were noted for IL-2 compared to IFN-γ and TGF-β.
  • Lower expression of IL-2 correlated with pain and absence of sinus tract, while lower IL-5 correlated with treatments performed <4 years prior.

Conclusions:

  • IFN-γ and TGF-β are highly expressed in apical granulomas.
  • IL-2 and IL-5 levels are associated with clinical presentation and time since root canal therapy.
  • Cytokine profiles may offer prognostic indicators for endodontic treatment success.