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Updated: Jul 4, 2025

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Penigrines A-E: Five undescribed azepine-indole alkaloids from Penicillium griseofulvum
Yu Liang1, Huimin Zhao1, Qiwei Wang1
1Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China.
Abstract:
Penigrines A-E (1-5), five undescribed azepine-indole alkaloids, were isolated from the fungus Penicillium griseofulvum. Their structures with absolute configurations were determined by NMR, HRESIMS, ECD calculation, and X-ray diffraction experiments. Penigrine C (3) possesses an undescribed 6-oxa-8-azabicyclo[3.2.2]nonane-7,9-dione moiety that fused to an indole core, and penigrines D and E (4 and 5) are a pair of epimers. The plausible biosynthetic pathways of 1-5 are proposed. Penigrine A (1) shows the potential for heart failure treatment.
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