Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Regulation of the Unfolded Protein Response01:31

Regulation of the Unfolded Protein Response

2.4K
Inositol-requiring kinase one or IRE1 is the most conserved eukaryotic unfolded protein response (UPR) receptor. It is a type I transmembrane protein kinase receptor with a distinctive site-specific RNase activity. As the binding mechanics of the misfolded proteins with the N-terminal domain of IRE-1 are unclear, three binding models — direct, indirect, and allosteric -- are proposed for receptor activation. Nevertheless, it is known that once a misfolded protein associates with IRE1, it...
2.4K
The Unfolded Protein Response01:37

The Unfolded Protein Response

4.6K
The ER is the hub of protein synthesis in a cell. It has robust systems to quality control protein folding and also for degradation of terminally misfolded proteins. Under normal conditions, a small proportion of misfolded proteins that cannot be salvaged need to be transported to the cytoplasm by the ER-associated degradation or ERAD pathways. However, if the ERAD cannot handle the misfolded proteins, the cell activates the unfolded protein response or UPR to adjust the protein folding...
4.6K
Regulated Protein Degradation02:58

Regulated Protein Degradation

7.3K
It is vital to regulate the activity of enzymatic as well as non-enzymatic proteins inside the cell. This can be achieved either through creating a balance between their rate of synthesis and degradation or regulating the intrinsic activity of the protein. Both these regulation mechanisms play an essential role in the normal functioning of cells.
Protein degradation plays two important roles in the cells. It helps to protect cells from misfolded or damaged proteins before they lead to a...
7.3K
Role of Ephrin-Eph Signalling in Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal01:22

Role of Ephrin-Eph Signalling in Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal

2.2K
Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular carcinoma receptor (Eph) and its ligand, Eph receptor-interacting protein (Ephrin) were first discovered in the human carcinoma cell line, hence the name. Ephrin-Eph interaction guides cells to reach their appropriate location in adult tissues. They also play an essential role in the immune system by helping in immune cell migration, adhesion, and activation. Based on their structure and function, Eph is divided into two classes — EphA and EphB.
2.2K
Microtubules in Signaling01:22

Microtubules in Signaling

1.7K
The primary cilium, made up of microtubules, acts as antennae on the cell surfaces for relaying external stimuli into the cells. These fine hair-like structures are present, generally one per cell. These are non-motile cilia in a 9+0 microtubules arrangement, where the central pair of microtubules are absent. The primary cilia arise from the basal body embedded in the cell membrane. Intraflagellar transport (IFT) carries requisite proteins from the cytoplasm to the cilium because the primary...
1.7K
Cytoskeletal Linker Proteins - Plakins01:09

Cytoskeletal Linker Proteins - Plakins

2.3K
Plakins are large proteins with binding domains for microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and membrane-associated protein complexes at cell junctions. Plakin functions are evolutionarily conserved and are primarily involved in organizing the different components of the cytoskeleton by crosslinking them to each other and connecting them to the cell-matrix and cell adhesion complexes. They are also known to interact with signal transducers, serve as scaffolds for signaling...
2.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

MitoEdit: A pipeline for optimizing mtDNA base editing and predicting bystander effects.

Computational and structural biotechnology journal·2026
Same author

ER-to-Golgi Trafficking is a Nutrient-Sensitive Checkpoint Linking Glucose Starvation to Cell Surface Remodeling.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

ASPL couples the assembly of stress granules with their VCP-mediated disassembly.

Science advances·2025
Same author

Somatic mtDNA mutations at intermediate levels of heteroplasmy are a source of functional heterogeneity among primary leukemic cells.

Science advances·2025
Same author

MitoEdit: a pipeline for optimizing mtDNA base editing and predicting bystander effects.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

Somatic mtDNA mutation burden shapes metabolic plasticity in leukemogenesis.

Science advances·2025
Same journal

UPF3A and UPF3B shape the transcriptome cooperatively yet oppose cell function.

Journal of molecular biology·2026
Same journal

Antibody-secreting cells integrate efficient NMD with non‑canonical UPR signaling to maintain proteostasis and support massive immunoglobulin synthesis.

Journal of molecular biology·2026
Same journal

Small molecule stabilization of diverse amyloidogenic immunoglobulin light chains revealed by hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry.

Journal of molecular biology·2026
Same journal

UPF1 at Work: Structural and Mechanistic Insights Into a Master Regulator of Nonsense-Mediated mRNA Decay.

Journal of molecular biology·2026
Same journal

Structural basis for the pro-amyloidogenic action and ligand binding of a novel W72R variant of human apolipoprotein A-I.

Journal of molecular biology·2026
Same journal

Cryo-EM Structure of the C. Elegans Septin Tetramer Reveals a Revised Architecture and Conserved Positional Orthology.

Journal of molecular biology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2025

Study of the Functions and Activities of Neuronal K-Cl Co-Transporter KCC2 Using Western Blotting
10:08

Study of the Functions and Activities of Neuronal K-Cl Co-Transporter KCC2 Using Western Blotting

Published on: December 9, 2022

2.2K

Physiological functions of ULK1/2.

Gautam Pareek1, Mondira Kundu1

  • 1Cell and Molecular Biology Department, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.

Journal of Molecular Biology
|February 4, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

UNC-51-like kinases 1 and 2 (ULK1/2) are crucial for autophagy and cellular homeostasis. Their diverse roles in signaling and disease make ULK1/2 promising therapeutic targets for various human conditions.

Keywords:
aggrephagyautophagybiomolecular condensatesinterferon responsemitophagy

More Related Videos

Characterization at the Molecular Level using Robust Biochemical Approaches of a New Kinase Protein
11:23

Characterization at the Molecular Level using Robust Biochemical Approaches of a New Kinase Protein

Published on: June 30, 2019

6.2K
Efficient Production and Purification of Recombinant Murine Kindlin-3 from Insect Cells for Biophysical Studies
13:52

Efficient Production and Purification of Recombinant Murine Kindlin-3 from Insect Cells for Biophysical Studies

Published on: March 19, 2014

23.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 4, 2025

Study of the Functions and Activities of Neuronal K-Cl Co-Transporter KCC2 Using Western Blotting
10:08

Study of the Functions and Activities of Neuronal K-Cl Co-Transporter KCC2 Using Western Blotting

Published on: December 9, 2022

2.2K
Characterization at the Molecular Level using Robust Biochemical Approaches of a New Kinase Protein
11:23

Characterization at the Molecular Level using Robust Biochemical Approaches of a New Kinase Protein

Published on: June 30, 2019

6.2K
Efficient Production and Purification of Recombinant Murine Kindlin-3 from Insect Cells for Biophysical Studies
13:52

Efficient Production and Purification of Recombinant Murine Kindlin-3 from Insect Cells for Biophysical Studies

Published on: March 19, 2014

23.4K

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • UNC-51-like kinases 1 and 2 (ULK1/2) are serine/threonine kinases central to autophagy.
  • They integrate nutrient signals from sensors like mTOR and AMPK.
  • ULK1/2 are vital for selective autophagy, clearing cellular damage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the multifaceted roles of ULK1/2 beyond autophagy.
  • To highlight ULK1/2 involvement in diverse cellular processes and diseases.
  • To position ULK1/2 as potential therapeutic targets.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on ULK1/2.
  • Analysis of ULK1/2 functions in various cellular pathways.
  • Examination of ULK1/2 links to human diseases.

Main Results:

  • ULK1/2 regulate protein trafficking, RNP granule dynamics, and innate immunity.
  • Dysregulation of ULK1/2 is implicated in cancer, neurological, and cardiovascular diseases.
  • ULK1/2 act as biological rheostats, modulating cellular responses.

Conclusions:

  • ULK1/2 possess diverse physiological functions extending beyond autophagy.
  • Altered ULK1/2 activity is linked to significant human pathologies.
  • ULK1/2 represent attractive targets for developing novel therapeutics.