New models for heart failure care delivery

Heart failure (HF) is a common disease with increasing prevalence around the world. There is high morbidity and mortality associated with poorly controlled HF along with increasing costs and strain on healthcare systems due to a high rate of rehospitalization and resource utilization. Despite the establishment of clear evidence-based guideline directed medical therapies (GDMT) proven to improve HF morbidity and mortality, there remains significant clinical inertia to optimizing HF patients on GDMT. Only a minority of HF patients are prescribed on all four classes of GDMT. To bridge the gap between the vulnerable population of HF patients and lifesaving GDMT, HF implementation is of increasing importance. HF implementation involves strategies and techniques to improve GDMT optimization along with other modalities to improve HF management. HF implementation meets patients where they are, including at the time of acute decompensation in the inpatient setting, at the vulnerable discharge stage, and at the chronic management stage in the outpatient setting. Inpatient HF implementation strategies include protocolized rapid titration of GDMT, site-level audit-and-feedback, virtual GDMT optimization teams, and electronic health record notifications and alerts. Discharge HF implementation strategies include education at patient and provider levels, discharge summaries, and HF transitional programs. Outpatient HF implementation strategies include digital innovations such as electronic health record utilization and mobile applications, population level strategies such as registries and clinical dashboards), changes in HF team structure and member roles, remote monitoring with implanted devices and telemonitoring, and hospital at home care model. With a growing population of HF patients, there is an increasing need for novel and creative HF implementation and monitoring methods.