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Synthesis and Microdiffraction at Extreme Pressures and Temperatures
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Kawai-type multianvil ultrahigh-pressure technology.

Tetsuo Irifune1

  • 1Geodynamics Research Center (GRC), Ehime University.

Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Series B, Physical and Biological Sciences
|February 4, 2024
PubMed
Summary

The Kawai-type multianvil apparatus (KMA) enables high-pressure research, yielding crucial data on Earth's deep interior and advancing materials science with novel syntheses.

Keywords:
KMAlarge volume pressmultianvil apparatusnano-polycrystalline diamondultrahigh-pressure

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Area of Science:

  • Geophysics and Materials Science
  • High-pressure experimental physics

Background:

  • The Kawai-type multianvil apparatus (KMA) is a large-volume press developed for high-pressure and high-temperature research.
  • KMA offers advantages over diamond anvil cells in sample volume, stable temperature generation, and suitability for in situ observations and deformation experiments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the advancements and applications of KMA technology in Earth sciences and materials science.
  • To showcase the contributions of Japanese scientists and engineers to KMA development.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing KMA for high-pressure generation.
  • Conducting in situ X-ray and neutron observations.
  • Performing deformation experiments and physical property measurements.
  • Synthesizing high-pressure phases and novel materials.

Main Results:

  • Acquisition of extensive experimental data on mineral and rock phase transitions, melting relations, and physical properties.
  • Significant constraints derived for the deep Earth's structure, composition, and dynamics.
  • Successful synthesis of advanced materials, including nano-polycrystalline diamond and transparent nano-ceramics.

Conclusions:

  • KMA technology has revolutionized high-pressure research, providing critical insights into deep Earth processes.
  • KMA has opened new avenues in ultrahigh-pressure materials science, enabling the creation of novel functional materials.