Structural Design of 3D Current Collectors for Lithium Metal Anodes: A Review

Due to the ultrahigh theoretical specific capacity (3860 mAh g^-1) and low redox potential (-3.04 V vs. standard hydrogen electrode), Lithium (Li) metal anode (LMA) received increasing attentions. However, notorious dendrite and volume expansion during the cycling process seriously hinder the development of high energy density Li metal batteries. Constructing three-dimensional (3D) current collectors for Li can fundamentally solve the intrinsic drawback of hostless for Li. Therefore, this review systematically introduces the design and synthesis engineering and the current development status of different 3D collectors in recent years (the current collectors are divided into two major parts: metal-based current collectors and carbon-based current collectors). In the end, some perspectives of the future promotion for LMA application are also presented.