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Microjunction-Modulated Selective Ammonia Sensor with P-Type Oxides-Decorated WS2 Microflakes.

Qiyilan Guang1, Shupeng Sun1, Baoyu Huang1

  • 1School of Integrated Circuits, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
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Summary

Nickel oxide (NiO) and tungsten disulfide (WS₂) heterostructures demonstrate enhanced sensitivity and faster response for ammonia gas sensing at room temperature. This NiO/WS₂ sensor shows improved performance compared to other metal oxide/WS₂ combinations.

Keywords:
DFT calculationsNH3 sensorNiO/WS2 heterostructurein situ DRIFTSroom temperature gas sensors

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Chemiresistive gas sensors are crucial for environmental monitoring and industrial safety.
  • Tungsten disulfide (WS₂) and p-type metal oxides (NiO, Co₃O₄, CuO) are promising materials for gas sensing applications.
  • Heterostructuring materials can enhance gas sensing performance by modulating electronic properties at interfaces.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To fabricate and investigate NiO/WS₂ heterostructures for enhanced chemiresistive ammonia (NH₃) gas sensing at room temperature.
  • To compare the sensing performance of NiO/WS₂ with Co₃O₄/WS₂ and CuO/WS₂ heterostructures.
  • To elucidate the underlying mechanisms responsible for the improved sensing properties of NiO/WS₂.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of p-type metal oxide (NiO, Co₃O₄, CuO) decorated WS₂ microflakes.
  • Chemiresistive gas sensing measurements at room temperature for ammonia and various volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
  • In situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) and density functional theory (DFT) computations to analyze sensing mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • The NiO/WS₂ heterostructure exhibited superior sensing performance, including higher sensitivity and faster response/recovery times to NH₃ compared to Co₃O₄/WS₂ and CuO/WS₂.
  • The NiO/WS₂ sensor demonstrated good selectivity towards NH₃ over other tested VOCs like formaldehyde, toluene, methanol, ethanol, acetone, and trimethylamine.
  • DFT and DRIFTS studies revealed that the absence of "deep energy puddles" at the NiO/WS₂ interface and intensified NH₃ oxidation on NiO/WS₂ contribute to enhanced sensing.

Conclusions:

  • NiO/WS₂ heterostructures are highly effective for room-temperature chemiresistive ammonia sensing.
  • The enhanced performance is attributed to favorable interfacial properties and intensified surface reactions.
  • This work provides insights into designing advanced WS₂-based heterostructures for selective and sensitive gas detection.