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Related Concept Videos

Genomics02:02

Genomics

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Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

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Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
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Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS01:11

Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS

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Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
GWAS does not require the identification of the target gene involved in...
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Genomic Profiling - A Need for Clinical Decision? -Case Reports.

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Next-generation sequencing (NGS) in solid tumors provides crucial genomic insights for personalized cancer treatment. This study highlights how NGS results significantly impact clinical decisions and patient outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Genomics
  • Personalized Medicine

Background:

  • Cancer remains a major global health challenge, driving the need for advanced treatment strategies.
  • Personalized medicine, particularly leveraging DNA/RNA sequencing technologies like next-generation sequencing (NGS), is pivotal for future cancer care.
  • NGS enables comprehensive genomic analysis of solid tumors, identifying clinically relevant mutations.

Observation:

  • A retrospective study analyzed five years of NGS tests from 'Sf. Nectarie' Oncology Center, Craiova, Romania.
  • Three clinical cases were selected to illustrate how NGS findings altered patient management.
  • The study acknowledges the dynamic nature of genetic alterations influenced by time and treatment.

Findings:

  • NGS analysis of solid tumors can reveal DNA or RNA alterations across the entire genome.
  • Selected NGS results demonstrated a significant impact on the clinical decision-making process.
  • The study underscores the value of NGS in guiding personalized cancer therapies.

Implications:

  • Despite technological advancements, access to genetic testing and personalized treatments remains limited for many cancer patients.
  • NGS plays a critical role in identifying specific genetic alterations, paving the way for targeted therapies.
  • Further integration of NGS into routine clinical practice is essential to broaden the reach of personalized oncology.