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Comparing the Efficacy and Adverse Events of Available COVID-19 Vaccines Through Randomized Controlled Trials:
Shima Hossaini1, Fariba Keramat2, Zahra Cheraghi1,3
1Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
This network meta-analysis compared COVID-19 vaccines. mRNA-1273 and BNT-162b2 showed the highest efficacy in preventing symptomatic COVID-19, followed by Gam-COVID-Vac.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Infectious Diseases
- Public Health
Background:
- The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated rapid vaccine development and deployment.
- Evaluating the comparative efficacy and safety of diverse vaccines is crucial for public health strategies.
- This study provides an updated network meta-analysis to rank available COVID-19 vaccines.
Approach:
- A systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) were conducted.
- Searched major databases (Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus) through September 2023.
- Analyzed 34 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using a frequentist-based random-effects model to calculate relative risks (RR) and P-scores for vaccine efficacy.
Key Points:
- mRNA-1273 demonstrated the highest efficacy in preventing symptomatic COVID-19 (RR=0.07; P-score=0.93).
- BNT-162b2 ranked second (RR=0.08; P-score=0.93), followed by Gam-COVID-Vac (RR=0.09; P-score=0.88).
- All analyzed vaccines showed effectiveness in COVID-19 prevention.
Conclusions:
- mRNA-1273, BNT-162b2, and Gam-COVID-Vac are the top-ranked vaccines for COVID-19 prevention based on efficacy.
- The findings support informed decision-making regarding vaccine selection and public health policy.
- Continued monitoring and comparative analysis of vaccine performance remain important.
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