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Related Concept Videos

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Updated: Jul 4, 2025

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Nanofluid Drop Impact on Heated Surfaces.

Xiaotian Ma1, Ahmed Aldhaleai1, Lihui Liu1,2

  • 1Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids
|February 5, 2024
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Summary

Adding SiO2 nanoparticles to ethylene glycol (EG) droplets changes their impact behavior on heated surfaces. Nanoparticles influence droplet spread, atomization, and the Leidenfrost temperature, with effects varying by concentration and wettability.

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Area of Science:

  • Fluid dynamics
  • Nanomaterials science
  • Heat transfer

Background:

  • Understanding droplet impact on heated surfaces is crucial for various industrial applications.
  • The behavior of nanofluids under different thermal conditions is not fully understood.
  • Ethylene glycol (EG) is a common working fluid, and its behavior with nanoparticle additives warrants investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally investigate the impact dynamics of ethylene glycol (EG) droplets containing hydrophilic and hydrophobic SiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) on a heated surface.
  • To establish phase diagrams of impact outcomes across non-boiling, boiling, and Leidenfrost regimes.
  • To determine the influence of NP concentration and wettability on droplet spreading, atomization, and Leidenfrost temperature.

Main Methods:

  • Experiments were conducted using EG droplets with SiO2 NPs at concentrations from 0.89 to 64.3 wt %.
  • Surface temperatures were controlled between 100 and 400 °C, with a constant droplet impact velocity of 0.22 ± 0.02 m/s.
  • Phase diagrams were created to map impact outcomes based on NP concentration and surface temperature.

Main Results:

  • In the non-boiling regime, NP addition did not affect spreading below 11.9 wt %; higher concentrations increased viscosity, impacting spread.
  • In the boiling regime, low NP concentration (0.89 wt %) promoted atomization, irrespective of wettability.
  • Leidenfrost temperature (TL) increased with NP concentration, with a more significant rise for hydrophobic NPs.

Conclusions:

  • Nanoparticles significantly alter droplet impact dynamics on heated surfaces, with effects dependent on concentration and wettability.
  • The study provides quantitative insights into how NP concentration and wettability influence drop spreading, impact outcome, and Leidenfrost temperature.
  • Findings have potential applications in coating, spraying, and cooling technologies.