Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 4, 2025

A 3D Human Lung Tissue Model for Functional Studies on Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection
Published on: October 5, 2015
Immunopathology in human pulmonary tuberculosis: Inflammatory changes in the plasma milieu and impaired host immune
Hubert Senanu Ahor1, Monika Vivekanandan1, Jean De Dieu Harelimana1
1Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology, and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany.
Abstract:
Host immune response is key for protection in tuberculosis, but the causative agent, Mycobacterium (M.) tuberculosis, manages to survive despite immune surveillance. Key mechanisms of immune protection have been identified, but the role of immunopathology in the peripheral blood of tuberculosis patients remains unclear. Tuberculosis immunopathology in the blood is characterised by patterns of immunosuppression and hyperinflammation. These seemingly contradictory findings and the pronounced heterogeneity made it difficult to interpret the results from previous studies and to derive implications of immunopathology. However, novel approaches based on comprehensive data analyses and revitalisation of an ancient plasma milieu in vitro assay connected inflammation with immunosuppressive factors in tuberculosis. Moreover, interrelations between the aberrant plasma milieu and immune cell pathology were observed. This review provides an overview of studies on changes in plasma milieu and discusses recent findings linking plasma factors to T-cell and monocyte/macrophage pathology in pulmonary tuberculosis patients.
Related Concept Videos
Pulmonary Tuberculosis II
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis III
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology
Chronic Inflammation
Other Pulmonary Disorders

