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Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
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Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
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Target Cell Response to Hormones01:22

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Hormones intricately bind to receptors on the surface or within target cells, initiating a cascade of cellular responses.
Notably, the cellular response can be regulated by altering the number of receptors expressed in the cell. For example, prolonged exposure to elevated hormone levels results in a gradual decline or down-regulation in the number of receptors for that specific hormone on the cell surface. Conversely, in response to low hormone levels, cells may use up-regulation, producing an...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2025

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
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Correlation between systemic inflammatory response index and thyroid function: 2009-2012 NHANES results.

Yuze Zhai1, Benjun Wang2, Weiwei Han2

  • 1First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China.

Frontiers in Endocrinology
|February 6, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Systemic Inflammatory Response Index (SIRI) is positively associated with thyroid hormones FT4 and TT4, and TPOAb. This suggests inflammation may influence thyroid function, potentially benefiting from anti-inflammatory treatments.

Keywords:
national health and nutrition examination surveypositive correlationsystemic inflammatory response indexthyroid functionthyroid hormone

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Immunology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Systemic inflammation is increasingly recognized as a factor in various chronic diseases.
  • Thyroid dysfunction affects a significant portion of the population, with complex underlying mechanisms.
  • The Systemic Inflammatory Response Index (SIRI) offers a quantifiable measure of systemic inflammation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between the Systemic Inflammatory Response Index (SIRI) and thyroid function parameters.
  • To explore potential links between systemic inflammation and thyroid hormone levels or thyroid autoimmunity.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2009-2012.
  • Included 1,641 adult participants, excluding pregnant individuals and those with incomplete data.
  • Employed weighted multivariate regression and subgroup analyses to assess the relationship between SIRI and thyroid function.

Main Results:

  • Higher SIRI quartiles were associated with increased levels of FT4, TT4, and TPOAb.
  • Each quartile increase in SIRI correlated with higher FT4, TT4, and TPOAb levels.
  • Subgroup analyses indicated that hypertension may influence the SIRI-thyroid function correlation.

Conclusions:

  • Systemic inflammation, as indicated by SIRI, appears to be associated with altered thyroid function.
  • Findings suggest a potential role for inflammation in the pathogenesis of thyroid disorders.
  • Anti-inflammatory interventions may warrant consideration for managing thyroid abnormalities.