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Heat-fluid-solid coupling heat transfer analysis and parameter optimization in walnut drying device based on finite
Sanping Li1, Jiamei Qi1, Liguo Wu1,2
1School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
Heliyon
|February 6, 2024
Summary
Optimizing walnut drying is crucial for storage and transport. This study determined the best hot air parameters (393K, 1.7 m/s, 45 min) for uniform drying, validated by simulation and experiments.
Area of Science:
- Agricultural Engineering
- Food Science
- Thermodynamics
Background:
- High moisture content in fresh walnuts necessitates drying to prevent spoilage.
- Efficient drying is vital for storage, transportation, and maintaining walnut quality.
- Existing drying methods require optimization for better energy efficiency and product uniformity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine optimal pre-drying parameters for walnuts using hot air.
- To investigate the effects of temperature, velocity, and time on walnut drying.
- To validate simulation results with experimental data for reliable process optimization.
Main Methods:
- Utilized orthogonal experimental design with three factors (inlet temperature, wind speed, drying time) at three levels.
- Employed FLUENT software for simulating fluid and walnut temperature/velocity fields.
- Modeled walnuts as a three-layer sphere (shell, air gap, kernel) for accurate simulation.
Main Results:
- Identified optimal parameters: 393K inlet temperature, 1.7 m/s wind speed, and 45 min drying time.
- Simulation showed uniform temperature and velocity field distribution under optimal conditions.
- Experimental results validated simulation accuracy, with a regression model R² of 0.9966.
Conclusions:
- The study provides a theoretical basis for optimizing open walnut pre-drying operations.
- Optimal parameters ensure uniform temperature distribution and efficient moisture removal.
- Findings have practical applications in the walnut food processing industry for improved quality and storage.
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