Comparison of the Diode Laser Wavelengths 445 nm and 810 nm in Gingival Depigmentation - A Clinical Evaluation

Introduction: Nowadays, esthetic appearance plays an important role in the field of dentistry. Discolorations and pigmentations of the gingiva reduce the appearance of a healthy-looking smile. On this occasion, the use of lasers shows a promising approach for a fast and non-aggressive treatment in this field. Different laser wavelengths are being used for gingival depigmentation this clinical study aimed to investigate the effect of the novel laser wavelength (445 nm) in this field and compare it with an 810 nm diode laser. Methods: Two diode laser wavelengths (445 nm and 810 nm) were used for depigmentation. The laser output power chosen was 1 W. An optical fiber with a diameter of 400 µm was used. 21 patients with pigmented gingiva were selected. Depigmentation was carried out in a split-mouth design for a direct comparison of the clinical effect. Outcomes were documented by photograph after one month and six months of follow-up. Results: For each wavelength, 21 volunteers evaluated 21 clinical cases of depigmentation, which means that 441 comparisons were carried out in total regarding the color change from brownish to pinkish. A 100% clarification was achieved for 445 nm. In the 810 nm group, the color change in 44 of 441 cases (10%) could not be clearly identified. No statistically significant difference in pain experience was reported for both laser treatments. Conclusion: The clinical evaluation showed that within the limitations of this study, most of the clinical outcome parameters were highly acceptable by the patients due to mild pain and discomfort for both laser systems.