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Related Concept Videos

Hypoglycemia and Glucagon01:15

Hypoglycemia and Glucagon

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Without prolonged fasting, healthy individuals maintain blood glucose levels above 3.5 mM due to a well-adapted neuroendocrine counterregulatory system that effectively prevents acute hypoglycemia, a potentially life-threatening condition. The primary clinical scenarios for hypoglycemia encompass diabetes treatment, inappropriate production of endogenous insulin or insulin-like substances by tumors, and the use of glucose-lowering agents in non-diabetic individuals. Notably, hypoglycemia in the...
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Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Glinides01:06

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Repaglinide (Prandin) and Nateglinide (Starlix), known as glinides, are oral insulin secretagogues that stimulate insulin release from pancreatic β cells by closing the ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP channel). Repaglinide controls insulin release from pancreatic β cells by managing potassium efflux. It shares two binding sites with sulfonylureas and also has a unique site, indicating overlapping mechanisms of action. With a rapid onset and a 4-7 hour duration, it effectively...
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Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Biguanides and Glitazones01:26

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Biguanides, particularly metformin (Glucophage), are insulin sensitizers that enhance glucose uptake, thereby reducing insulin resistance. Unlike sulfonylureas, metformin doesn't prompt insulin secretion, which helps to curb hypoglycemia risk. Metformin is beneficial in treating conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome due to its insulin-resistance reduction capability. The drug's primary action involves curtailing hepatic gluconeogenesis, a significant contributor to high blood...
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Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: α-Glucosidase Inhibitors01:19

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: α-Glucosidase Inhibitors

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α-glucosidase inhibitors, including acarbose (Precose), miglitol (Glyset), and voglibose (Voglib) (primarily available in Asia), are drugs that control blood sugar levels by delaying the digestion of starch and disaccharides. They achieve this by inhibiting α-glucosidase enzymes in the intestine, which slow the absorption of carbohydrates in the intestine, which in turn leads to a prolonged release of the glucoregulatory hormone GLP-1 from intestinal L-cells.
Acarbose and miglitol are...
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Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors01:23

Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors

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Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) is a serine protease widely distributed in the body. It's involved in the inactivation of GLP-1 and GIP hormones, which are crucial for insulin regulation. DPP-4 inhibitors, such as sitagliptin (Januvia), saxagliptin (Onglyza), linagliptin (Tradjenta), alogliptin (Nesina), and vildagliptin (Galvus), help increase the proportion of active GLP-1, enhancing insulin secretion. These inhibitors work by competitively binding to DPP-4. This binding causes a...
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Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Sulfonylureas01:17

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Sulfonylureas

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Sulfonylureas are oral hypoglycemic agents utilized in treating type 2 diabetes. They are characterized by their unique sulfonylurea chemical structure. The family of sulfonylureas is divided into generations. First-generation sulfonylureas, including tolbutamide (Orinase), chlorpropamide (Diabinese), and tolazamide (Tolinase), trigger insulin release from pancreatic β cells and enhance peripheral tissues' insulin sensitivity. The second-generation members, such as glipizide...
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Metabolic Profiling to Determine Bactericidal or Bacteriostatic Effects of New Natural Products using Isothermal Microcalorimetry
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Tigecycline and Hypoglycemia, When and How?

Hakeam A Hakeam1,2, Khadija A Sarkhi3, Alla Iansavichene4

  • 1Pharmaceutical Care Division, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

The Journal of Pharmacy Technology : Jpt : Official Publication of the Association of Pharmacy Technicians
|February 6, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Tigecycline can cause severe hypoglycemia, even after treatment stops, especially in patients with kidney issues. This metabolic adverse effect requires clinical awareness, as data remain limited.

Keywords:
glycyclinehypoglycaemiahypoglycemialow blood glucosetigecycline

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Clinical Medicine
  • Adverse Drug Reactions

Background:

  • Hypoglycemia is a critical adverse event associated with increased mortality.
  • Tigecycline, a broad-spectrum antibiotic, has been rarely associated with metabolic disturbances.
  • Understanding tigecycline-induced hypoglycemia is crucial for patient safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the clinical presentation of hypoglycemia during tigecycline therapy.
  • To synthesize existing evidence on this rare adverse effect.
  • To discuss potential risk factors and mechanisms of tigecycline-related hypoglycemia.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive three-phase literature search was conducted.
  • Databases searched included CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, and FDA Adverse Event Reporting System.
  • Inclusion criteria focused on human studies and English-language reports.

Main Results:

  • Data on tigecycline-associated hypoglycemia are limited.
  • Hypoglycemia can occur anytime during therapy, be severe, and persist post-cessation.
  • Renal dysfunction may increase risk; hypoglycemia can occur in diabetic and non-diabetic patients.

Conclusions:

  • Tigecycline-associated hypoglycemia is a significant, albeit uncommon, adverse effect.
  • Clinicians should be vigilant for hypoglycemia in patients receiving tigecycline.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the exact cause and management strategies.