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Incidence of central retinal artery occlusion peaks in winter season

Caroline J Gassel1, Wolfgang Andris1, Sven Poli2,3

  • 1University Eye Hospital, Centre for Ophthalmology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.

Frontiers in Neurology
|February 6, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) incidence peaks in winter, with lower rates in summer. This study links CRAO to air pollutants like NO2 and PM2.5, and colder temperatures, suggesting seasonal preventive strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Environmental Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Stroke incidence shows seasonal patterns, with higher rates in winter.
  • Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) is a retinal stroke equivalent.
  • Understanding CRAO's seasonality and environmental links is crucial for public health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate monthly and seasonal variations in CRAO incidence.
  • To explore potential associations between CRAO and weather/air pollutant data.
  • To identify factors contributing to CRAO for preventive strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 432 CRAO cases from 2008-2022.
  • Evaluation of monthly and seasonal incidence rates.
  • Correlation analysis with weather data (temperature, precipitation, pressure) and air pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, NO2, O3).

Main Results:

  • Significant monthly (p=0.025) and seasonal (p=0.008) variations in CRAO incidence observed.
  • Highest CRAO rates occurred in February and winter; lowest in June and summer.
  • NO2, PM2.5, and lower ambient temperatures (avg, min, max) correlated significantly with CRAO incidence.

Conclusions:

  • CRAO incidence exhibits a distinct winter peak and summer low.
  • Associations with air pollutants and temperature highlight environmental influences.
  • Further research is needed to develop targeted preventive strategies for CRAO.
Abstract

Keywords:
air pollutioncentral retinal artery occlusionincidencepublic healthrisk factorsseasonalitystroke

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