Susac syndrome in a patient with chronic myelocytic leukemia: Consequence or coincidence?

In this study, we report a patient who presented with both chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) and Susac syndrome (SS).

A 45-year-old male diagnosed with CML in the blast phase sought consultation due to a deterioration in vision in his right eye. He also had hearing loss and severe migraneous headaches. Best corrected visual acuity was light perception and 20/20 in the right and left eyes, respectively. The slit lamp examination and intraocular pressure were within normal ranges for both eyes. Upon dilated fundoscopy, organized vitreous hemorrhage was observed in the right eye, while the left eye exhibited extensive sclerotic vessels with retinal neovascularization in the periphery. Ultrasound of the right eye showed tractional retinal detachment. Optical coherence tomography of the left retina showed thinning of the retina in temporal macula. Fluorescein angiography revealed a substantial nonperfused region in the peripheral left retina, accompanied by arterioarterial and arteriovenous collaterals, along with microaneurysms. MRI showed scattered foci of hyperintensity within the supratentorial white matter, mostly subcortical on T2-weighted and fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery. The patient received a diagnosis of SS and was subsequently referred to the neurology service for further assessment and potential treatment.

SS may manifest as a presentation of CML. It is advisable to conduct investigations for SS in CML patients experiencing neurological, ophthalmological, or otological symptoms.