Future of Artificial Intelligence in Surgery: A Narrative Review

Area of Science:

• Medical Technology
• Computer Science
• Surgical Innovation

Background:

• Artificial intelligence (AI) enables machines to perform human-like cognitive functions, including reasoning and decision-making.
• Machine learning (ML), a subset of AI, allows systems to learn from data, identify patterns, and make predictions.
• AI is increasingly integrated into medicine, with significant potential to reshape healthcare delivery for professionals and patients.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the current applications of AI in diverse surgical specialties.
• To explore the benefits of AI and ML for both patients and surgeons.
• To identify the obstacles and limitations hindering the adoption of AI in surgery.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of AI and ML applications in surgical disciplines.
• Analysis of AI's role in diagnosis, treatment, and intraoperative procedures.
• Examination of benefits, challenges, and future prospects of AI in surgery.

Main Results:

• AI and ML are being adopted across various surgical fields like general, ophthalmology, cardiothoracic, and vascular surgery.
• AI is emerging as a valuable tool in operating rooms, aiding surgeons rather than replacing them.
• The integration of AI promises improved patient care through accurate diagnostics and personalized treatments.

Conclusions:

• AI is poised to become a significant intraoperative tool, enhancing surgical practice.
• Addressing safety concerns is crucial for the continued integration of AI in surgical settings.
• AI's expanding role in surgery offers substantial benefits but faces current limitations that require further research and development.