MnO₂/Ce6 microbubble-mediated hypoxia modulation for enhancing sono-photodynamic therapy against triple negative...

Sono-photodynamic therapy (SPDT) has emerged as a promising treatment modality for triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, the hypoxic tumor microenvironment hinders the application of SPDT. Herein, in this study, a multifunctional platform (MnO₂/Ce6@MBs) was designed to address this issue. A sono-photosensitizer (Ce6) and a hypoxia modulator (MnO₂) were loaded into microbubbles and precisely released within tumor tissues under ultrasound irradiation. MnO₂in situ reacted with the excess H₂O₂ and H⁺ and produced O₂ within the TNBC tumor, which alleviated hypoxia and augmented SPDT by increasing ROS generation. Meanwhile, the reaction product Mn²⁺ was able to achieve T1-weighted MRI for enhanced tumor imaging. Additionally, Ce6 and microbubbles served as a fluorescence imaging contrast agent and a contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging agent, respectively. In in vivo anti-tumor studies, under the FL/US/MR imaging guidance, MnO₂/Ce6@MBs combined with SPDT significantly reversed tumor hypoxia and inhibited tumor growth in 4T1-tumor bearing mice. This work presents a theragnostic system for reversing tumor hypoxia and enhancing TNBC treatment.