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Related Concept Videos

Decreased Body Temperature01:29

Decreased Body Temperature

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A decreased body temperature can occur in patients with hypothermia and frostbite. Heat loss with extended cold exposure overpowers the body's ability to create heat, resulting in hypothermia. Core temperature readings help classify hypothermia. Mild hypothermia is temperatures between 32 °C (89.6 °F) and 35°C (95 °F) and is caused by impaired thermoregulation. Moderate hypothermia is temperatures between 28 C (82.4 °F) and 32 °C (89.6 °F) caused by...
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Assessment of the Cardiovascular System III: Palpation01:27

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Palpation involves feeling the body to evaluate texture, size, consistency, and tenderness for assessing cardiovascular health. The following steps are organized in a head-to-toe order:
Jugular Venous Pressure (JVP) Measurement
Position the patient at a thirty- to forty-five-degree angle or in a semi-fowler's position. Look for the highest point of pulsation in the internal jugular vein and measure the vertical distance to the angle of Loius or sternal angle. A normal JVP is 3-4 cm above...
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Increased Body Temperature01:25

Increased Body Temperature

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A body temperature above  38°C  (100.4 °F) is known as fever or pyrexia, and a person with fever is termed 'febrile.' Typically, the hypothalamus, a part of the brain that acts as the body's thermostat, regulates body temperature through a thermoregulatory setpoint. It receives signals from cold and warm thermal receptors throughout the body and adjusts the body's temperature accordingly. Fever occurs when this hypothalamic setpoint is altered, usually in...
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Methods of reducing fever01:22

Methods of reducing fever

664
The signs and symptoms of fever include hot and dry skin, flushed face, thirst, muscle aches, anorexia, headache, tachycardia, tachypnea, and fatigue. Elevated body temperature is reduced using two methods: pharmacological and nonpharmacological. Proper identification and treatment of the root cause of a fever is of utmost importance.
Pharmacological Methods of Reducing Fever:
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Thermosensation01:43

Thermosensation

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Peripheral thermosensation is the perception of external temperature. A change in temperature (on the surface of the skin and other tissues) is detected by a family of temperature-sensitive ion channels called Transient Receptor Potential, or TRP, receptors. These receptors are located on free nerve endings. Those detecting cold temperatures are closer to the surface of the skin than the nerve endings detecting warmth. These thermoTRP channels, while temperature selective, have relatively...
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Muscles of the Leg that Move the Foot and Toes01:28

Muscles of the Leg that Move the Foot and Toes

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The human leg comprises an intricate system of muscles that facilitate the movement of feet and toes. Within this system, the muscles are categorized into the anterior, lateral, and posterior compartments, each with a unique set of muscles carrying out specific functions.
Anterior Compartment
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2025

Evaluating the Function of the Foot Core System in the Elderly
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A 41-Year-Old Woman with a Cold Foot.

Alaina Geary1, Nkiruka Arinze1, Katie Shean1

  • 1from the General Surgery Residency Program and Vascular Surgery Fellowship Program, Boston Medical Center.

NEJM Evidence
|February 6, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This case study explores the diagnosis and evaluation of a 41-year-old woman experiencing a cold and painful right foot. It outlines the diagnostic approach for peripheral vascular conditions.

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Area of Science:

  • Vascular Medicine
  • Diagnostic Imaging
  • Clinical Case Study

Background:

  • Peripheral vascular disease can present with varied symptoms, including cold extremities.
  • A systematic approach is crucial for accurate diagnosis of lower extremity complaints.

Observation:

  • A 41-year-old female presented with a persistently cold and painful right foot.
  • The patient's symptoms prompted an investigation into potential vascular etiologies.

Findings:

  • The evaluation focused on identifying the underlying cause of the unilateral coldness and pain.
  • Diagnostic steps included physical examination, vascular studies, and potentially imaging.

Implications:

  • Timely diagnosis of peripheral vascular issues is essential for effective management.
  • Understanding the differential diagnosis for cold foot symptoms can prevent delayed treatment.