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Updated: Jul 20, 2026

A Rapid Method for Multispectral Fluorescence Imaging of Frozen Tissue Sections
Published on: March 30, 2020
Staining Hypoxic Areas of Frozen and FFPE Tissue Sections with Hypoxyprobe™
Harsh H Oza1, Esther Ng2, Daniele M Gilkes3
1Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Abstract:
Hypoxia occurs due to inadequate levels of oxygen in tissue and has been implicated in numerous diseases such as cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative diseases. Hypoxia activates hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF) which mediate the expression of several downstream genes. Within the context of cancer biology, these genes affect cellular processes including metabolism, proliferation, migration, invasion, and metastasis. Pimonidazole hydrochloride (HCl) is an exogenous marker that is reduced and binds to thiols under hypoxic conditions resulting in adducts that can be visualized using antibodies such as Hypoxyprobe™. This chapter describes a method for using Hypoxyprobe™ to detect hypoxic areas in frozen and FFPE mouse samples by immunofluorescence (IF) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining.
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