Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Parallel Processing01:20

Parallel Processing

152
The brain processes sensory information rapidly due to parallel processing, which involves sending data across multiple neural pathways at the same time. This method allows the brain to manage various sensory qualities, such as shapes, colors, movements, and locations, all concurrently. For instance, when observing a forest landscape, the brain simultaneously processes the movement of leaves, the shapes of trees, the depth between them, and the various shades of green. This enables a quick and...
152
Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

3.9K
The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex....
3.9K
Stream Function01:20

Stream Function

1.5K
In two-dimensional incompressible fluid flow, the continuity equation is essential for ensuring mass conservation, meaning that any change in fluid entering or exiting a region is balanced by a corresponding change elsewhere. For incompressible flow, where density remains constant, this requirement simplifies to the condition that the divergence of the velocity field must be zero. Mathematically, this is expressed as,
1.5K
Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex01:24

Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex

509
The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at...
509
Neural Circuits01:25

Neural Circuits

1.2K
Neural circuits and neuronal pools are two of the main structures found in the nervous system. Neural circuits are networks of neurons that work together to carry out a specific task or process. They consist of interconnected neurons and glial cells, which provide structural and metabolic support.
Neuronal pools are collections of nerve cells with similar functions and interact through chemical and electrical signals. These pools include both interneurons (the central neural circuit nodes that...
1.2K
Cerebral Hemispheres01:05

Cerebral Hemispheres

343
The human brain, a complex organ, is functionally divided into two cerebral hemispheres—left and right. These hemispheres are interconnected by a structure of paramount importance, the corpus callosum. This substantial bundle of neural fibers is not just a bridge between the hemispheres but a crucial element for the brain's comprehensive functioning. It enables efficient communication between the two hemispheres, allowing each side of the brain to control and receive sensory and motor...
343

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A shared multi-feature population code for sensory reliability across mouse visual cortex.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Pseudosparse neural coding in the visual system of primates.

Communications biology·2021
Same author

Attention Effects on Neural Population Representations for Shape and Location Are Stronger in the Ventral than Dorsal Stream.

eNeuro·2018
Same journal

Sensorimotor Adaptation of Vocal Pitch Is Impaired in Cerebellar Ataxia.

Journal of cognitive neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Memory in the Palm of Your Hand: Smartphone-based Methods for Measuring Memory in the Wild.

Journal of cognitive neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Processing Asymmetry in Object-modifying Relative Clauses: Evidence from Functional Connectivity.

Journal of cognitive neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Extensive Experience Remodels Neural Task Circuitry to Escape the Frontal Bottleneck and Increase Automaticity of Categorization.

Journal of cognitive neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Investigating the Effects of Acute Stress on Neural Mechanisms of Self-controlled Decision-making.

Journal of cognitive neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Distilling the Neurophenomenological Signatures of Pure Awareness during Transcendental Meditation.

Journal of cognitive neuroscience·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2025

Examining Local Network Processing using Multi-contact Laminar Electrode Recording
13:40

Examining Local Network Processing using Multi-contact Laminar Electrode Recording

Published on: September 8, 2011

12.8K

Understanding Cortical Streams from a Computational Perspective.

Zhixian Han1, Anne B Sereno1,2

  • 1Purdue University.

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
|February 6, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The two visual cortical streams hypothesis, separating object ("what") and spatial ("where") processing, faces challenges from new evidence. Artificial neural networks help explain these discrepancies and the brain

More Related Videos

Modification of a Colliculo-thalamocortical Mouse Brain Slice, Incorporating 3-D printing of Chamber Components and Multi-scale Optical Imaging
06:05

Modification of a Colliculo-thalamocortical Mouse Brain Slice, Incorporating 3-D printing of Chamber Components and Multi-scale Optical Imaging

Published on: September 18, 2015

8.3K
Methods to Explore the Influence of Top-down Visual Processes on Motor Behavior
09:49

Methods to Explore the Influence of Top-down Visual Processes on Motor Behavior

Published on: April 16, 2014

25.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 4, 2025

Examining Local Network Processing using Multi-contact Laminar Electrode Recording
13:40

Examining Local Network Processing using Multi-contact Laminar Electrode Recording

Published on: September 8, 2011

12.8K
Modification of a Colliculo-thalamocortical Mouse Brain Slice, Incorporating 3-D printing of Chamber Components and Multi-scale Optical Imaging
06:05

Modification of a Colliculo-thalamocortical Mouse Brain Slice, Incorporating 3-D printing of Chamber Components and Multi-scale Optical Imaging

Published on: September 18, 2015

8.3K
Methods to Explore the Influence of Top-down Visual Processes on Motor Behavior
09:49

Methods to Explore the Influence of Top-down Visual Processes on Motor Behavior

Published on: April 16, 2014

25.4K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Computational Neuroscience
  • Visual Perception

Background:

  • The two visual cortical streams hypothesis posits separate processing for object identity (what) and spatial location (where).
  • Conflicting evidence, including overlapping activations in both streams and multiple subpathways, challenges this traditional view.
  • The binding problem, concerning how features of multiple objects are integrated, remains a key question.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the history and challenges to the two visual cortical streams hypothesis.
  • To propose explanations for conflicting findings and the brain's segregated pathways using artificial neural networks.
  • To explore computational advantages of segregated pathways and address the binding problem.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on the two visual cortical streams hypothesis.
  • Analysis of artificial neural network models with two pathways to investigate visual encoding.
  • Examination of computational principles underlying visual processing and feature binding.

Main Results:

  • Artificial neural networks reveal encoding differences for 'what' and 'where' processing in segregated pathways.
  • These models help reconcile conflicting experimental findings regarding visual stream functions.
  • The study elucidates potential computational benefits of pathway segregation.

Conclusions:

  • The two visual cortical streams hypothesis requires modification to account for complex visual processing.
  • Artificial neural networks offer a valuable tool for understanding visual stream interactions and encoding.
  • Further research is needed to fully address the binding problem and refine models of visual perception.