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Brown adipose tissue changes in anencephalic infants. Image analysis study.

A Moragas, N Toran

    Pathology, Research and Practice
    |December 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Anencephalic infants show active brown adipose tissue (BAT) lipolysis, indicating that newborn BAT metabolism activation relies on peripheral, not diencephalic, mechanisms. Intrauterine lipid storage in BAT cells did not differ significantly between groups.

    Area of Science:

    • Neonatal physiology
    • Endocrinology
    • Developmental biology

    Background:

    • Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays a crucial role in non-shivering thermogenesis in newborns.
    • The central nervous system, particularly the diencephalon, is traditionally thought to regulate BAT metabolism.
    • Anencephaly, a congenital disorder characterized by the absence of a major portion of the brain, offers a unique model to study neural control of metabolic processes.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the role of the diencephalon in the activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) metabolism in liveborn infants.
    • To determine if peripheral mechanisms alone can activate BAT lipolysis in the absence of a developed diencephalon.
    • To compare intrauterine lipid storage in BAT between anencephalic and control infants.

    Main Methods:

    Related Experiment Videos

    • Morphological examination of perirenal brown adipose tissue (BAT) in 49 liveborn anencephalic infants (lifespan 2 hours to 6 days).
    • Comparative analysis using 187 full-term infants as controls.
    • Image analysis to assess lipid storage in BAT cells of infants who died within 24 hours.

    Main Results:

    • Morphological evidence indicated active and marked lipolysis in the BAT of a significant number of anencephalic infants.
    • These findings suggest that BAT metabolism activation, leading to lipolysis, can occur independently of a diencephalic pathway.
    • No significant differences in intrauterine lipid storage within BAT cells were observed between anencephalic and control infants who died within 24 hours of birth.

    Conclusions:

    • Activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) metabolism and lipolysis in newborns does not strictly depend on diencephalic pathways.
    • Peripheral mechanisms appear to play a significant role in regulating BAT activity in the neonatal period.
    • The intrauterine development and lipid storage in BAT are comparable between anencephalic and control neonates.