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Related Concept Videos

Patch Clamp01:18

Patch Clamp

Many fundamental cell functions such as muscle contraction and nerve transmission rely on the electrical signals produced by the movement of positively and negatively charged ions across the cell membrane. One competent method to record current flowing across the whole cell or single ion channel is the patch-clamp technique.
In this method, a glass micropipette containing electrolyte solution is tightly sealed against a small portion of the cell membrane. As a result, a patch of the cell...
Drug Dosing: Infants and Children01:29

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight, compared...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses a challenge in...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...

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Pediatric Patch Testing at Mayo Clinic Between 2016 and 2020.

Katherine L Wang1, Erin M Rainosek2, Yul W Yang3

  • 1From the Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Jacksonville, Florida, USA.

Dermatitis : Contact, Atopic, Occupational, Drug
|February 6, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) in children is common. Patch testing identified hydroperoxides of linalool, limonene, methylisothiazolinone, nickel, and cobalt as frequent allergens, suggesting updates to pediatric testing series.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Pediatric Allergy
  • Contact Dermatitis

Background:

  • Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is a prevalent skin condition in children.
  • Patch testing is crucial for identifying specific allergens causing ACD in pediatric patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To update the understanding of common contact allergens in children.
  • To analyze patch testing data from a pediatric population between 2016 and 2020.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of patch test data from 192 children (aged 1-18) at Mayo Clinic (2016-2020).
  • Comparison of institutional reaction rates with data from the Pediatric Contact Dermatitis Registry (PCDR).

Main Results:

  • The top five allergens with the highest positive reaction rates were hydroperoxides of linalool, hydroperoxides of limonene, methylisothiazolinone, nickel, and cobalt.
  • Seven of the top 38 allergens are not in the current Mayo Clinic Pediatric Patch Test Series.
  • Eleven allergens are not included in the Pediatric Baseline Series.

Conclusions:

  • Patch testing remains a valuable diagnostic tool for pediatric ACD.
  • The emergence of new products and exposures necessitates expanding current pediatric patch testing series to improve diagnostic accuracy.