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Nonlinear Rydberg exciton-polaritons in Cu2O microcavities.

Maxim Makhonin1, Anthonin Delphan2, Kok Wee Song3

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We demonstrate strong optical nonlinearity in polaritons using Rydberg blockade. This phenomenon, observed in copper oxide microresonators, enhances photon-photon interactions for quantum applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Quantum optics

Background:

  • Rydberg excitons are highly excited electron-hole states with large Bohr radii.
  • Exciton interactions and light coupling can lead to strong optical nonlinearity, useful for sensing and quantum information processing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To achieve strong effective photon-photon interactions via Rydberg blockade in a polariton system.
  • To investigate the scaling of polariton nonlinearity with principal quantum numbers.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a Cu2O-filled microresonator to form hybrid excitons and photons (polaritons).
  • Employing pulsed resonant excitation and analyzing polariton resonance frequency renormalization.
  • Applying theoretical analysis to understand the role of Rydberg blockade.

Main Results:

  • Observed strong effective photon-photon interactions (Kerr-like optical nonlinearity) through Rydberg blockade.
  • Demonstrated polariton resonance frequency renormalization due to reduced photon-exciton coupling with increasing exciton density.
  • Experimentally verified the scaling of the polariton nonlinearity coefficient as ∝ n⁴.⁴±¹·⁸ for principal quantum numbers up to n=7.

Conclusions:

  • Rydberg blockade is crucial for achieving high optical nonlinearities in polaritons.
  • Studying high principal quantum numbers in polariton systems is essential for quantum optical applications.
  • This work opens avenues for fundamental studies of strongly correlated photonic states in solids.