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Area of Science:

  • Optoelectronics
  • Semiconductor Lasers

Background:

  • Multijunction vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) are crucial for automotive LiDAR systems.
  • Conventional VCSEL designs struggle to achieve low divergence (<16°) due to multi-longitudinal-mode lasing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel VCSEL design for reduced divergence and enhanced performance in LiDAR applications.
  • To address the limitations of conventional extended cavity VCSELs.

Main Methods:

  • Introduction of an antireflective light reservoir in the VCSEL structure (AR-VCSEL).
  • Engineering the electric field intensity within the cavity to reduce required length.
  • Preserving single-longitudinal-mode lasing.

Main Results:

  • AR-VCSELs demonstrate halved divergence and tripled brightness compared to conventional counterparts.
  • Achieved divergence range of 8° to 16° (D86) across various multijunction designs.
  • A 7 μm AR-VCSEL emitter achieved 28.4 mW in single transverse mode lasing.

Conclusions:

  • AR-VCSELs offer a promising, cost-effective solution for long-distance LiDAR by balancing power density and brightness.
  • The antireflective cavity concept has potential applications beyond LiDAR in photonic devices.