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Updated: May 3, 2026

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Inventory model for green products with payment strategy, selling price and green level dependent demand using

Subhash Chandra Das1, Hachen Ali2, Md Al-Amin Khan3,4

  • 1Department of Mathematics, Chandrapur College, Chandrapur, West Bengal, India.

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|February 6, 2024
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This study optimizes seller profit by analyzing advance, cash, and credit payment methods. Optimal pricing, green levels, and payment durations maximize profitability, with environmental sustainability significantly impacting profits.

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Area of Science:

  • Operations Research
  • Supply Chain Management
  • Environmental Economics

Background:

  • Existing research on pricing and lot-sizing primarily adopts a buyer-centric viewpoint.
  • Payment schemes significantly influence sales volume and supplier risk, with advance payments potentially reducing sales and credit options increasing default risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare seller per-unit profit across advance, cash, and credit payment methods.
  • To determine optimal payment durations, selling prices, green levels, and replenishment periods for maximizing seller profit.
  • To analyze the non-linear relationship between product consumption rate and payment duration, price, and greenness.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the Teaching Learning Based Optimization Algorithm (TLBOA) to solve numerical examples for each payment scheme.
  • Conducted sensitivity analyses to evaluate the impact of various factors on seller profitability.

Main Results:

  • Seller profit is demonstrably influenced by the environmental sustainability (greenness) of the product.
  • Selling price emerged as a more significant factor affecting profitability than payment scheme duration or green level.
  • The study identified optimal parameters for maximizing seller profit under different payment scenarios.

Conclusions:

  • The optimal strategy for maximizing seller profit involves a careful balance of pricing, green level, and payment terms.
  • Environmental sustainability is a critical factor influencing profitability, underscoring the importance of green supply chain practices.
  • Further research could explore buyer behavior and dynamic pricing models within these payment frameworks.