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Association Between Sleep Apnea and Tinnitus: A Meta-Analysis
Jing Gao1, Ping Tan1, Yunliang Liu2
1Health Medicine Department, The 900th Hospital of the Chinese PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, P.R. China.
Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal
|February 7, 2024
Summary
Sleep apnea (SA) is linked to a higher prevalence of tinnitus in adults. This association is particularly strong with severe sleep apnea, suggesting a potential connection that warrants further investigation.
Area of Science:
- Sleep Medicine
- Otolaryngology
- Epidemiology
Background:
- The relationship between sleep apnea (SA) and tinnitus in adults is not well-established.
- Observational studies provide preliminary evidence, necessitating a comprehensive synthesis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review and meta-analyze observational studies investigating the association between sleep apnea and tinnitus in adults.
- To quantify the prevalence of tinnitus in adults with sleep apnea.
Main Methods:
- A systematic search of major scientific databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, etc.) was conducted.
- Eight observational studies (case-control or cross-sectional) involving 132,292 adults were included.
- Random-effects or fixed-effects models were employed for meta-analysis based on heterogeneity.
Main Results:
- Sleep apnea was associated with a significantly higher prevalence of tinnitus (OR: 1.65).
- The association was significant for severe sleep apnea (OR: 2.25) but not for mild or moderate SA.
- Geographical differences were observed, with a stronger association in studies from Italy/US compared to China.
Conclusions:
- Severe sleep apnea may be a significant risk factor for tinnitus in the adult population.
- Further research into the mechanisms linking severe SA and tinnitus is warranted.
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