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Evaluation of a Novel Veterinary Dental Radiography Artificial Intelligence Software Program.

Markay L Nyquist1, Lisa A Fink1, Glenna E Mauldin2

  • 1Arizona Veterinary Dental Specialists, Scottsdale, AZ, USA.

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|February 7, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Artificial intelligence software shows good agreement with veterinarians for detecting specific canine and feline dental pathologies. While not ideal for initial screening due to low sensitivity, it may serve as a valuable second opinion.

Keywords:
artificial intelligenceartificial neural networkcatdeep learningdogintraoral dental radiologymachine learning

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary medicine
  • Artificial intelligence
  • Diagnostic imaging

Background:

  • Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly used in veterinary medicine to aid clinical decisions.
  • AI-based software programs are being developed to assist in interpreting veterinary diagnostic images.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the agreement of a commercially available AI-based software program (AISP) with human evaluators in detecting common radiographic dental pathologies in dogs and cats.
  • To assess the sensitivity and specificity of the AISP for specific dental conditions.

Main Methods:

  • An AI-based software program (AISP) was used to detect specific dental pathologies (furcation bone loss, periapical lucency, resorptive lesion, retained tooth root, attachment loss, tooth fracture).
  • Inter-rater reliability was measured using absolute percent agreement and Gwet's agreement coefficient.
  • Sensitivity and specificity were assessed with human evaluators as the reference standard.

Main Results:

  • Good to excellent inter-rater reliability was observed between the AISP and human evaluators for detecting specified pathologies.
  • The AISP demonstrated a trend of low sensitivity and high specificity.
  • A low rate of false positives suggests the AISP could function as a "second set of eyes" for veterinary diagnostics.

Conclusions:

  • The AI-based software program shows comparable performance to human evaluators in identifying specific dental pathologies.
  • The AISP's high specificity and low false positive rate indicate its potential as an assistive tool, rather than a standalone screening method.
  • Understanding the AISP as an aid, not a substitute, may enhance dental radiography utilization and diagnostic accuracy in veterinary practice.