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Managing Monkeypox Virus Infections: A Contemporary Review
Fariba Asadi Noghabi1, John G Rizk2, Dheeraj Makkar3
1Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences
|February 7, 2024
Summary
Monkeypox is a contagious zoonotic disease spreading globally. Key symptoms include fever, rash, and swollen lymph nodes, aiding diagnosis and management through prevention and treatment.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Epidemiology
- Public Health
Background:
- Monkeypox is an infectious zoonotic disease caused by Orthopoxvirus, first identified in Africa.
- The disease has recently seen a significant global spread, posing a public health concern.
- Common symptoms include fever, fatigue, headache, rash, and notably, lymphadenopathy, which aids in diagnosis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive overview of monkeypox, including its transmission, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment.
- To highlight the importance of clinical care and management strategies for monkeypox patients.
- To emphasize the need for continued research into vaccine efficacy and safety.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on monkeypox epidemiology, clinical presentation, and management.
- Identification of diagnostic methods, including PCR testing of lesions and secretions.
- Summary of available preventive measures (vaccines, personal protective equipment) and therapeutic agents.
Main Results:
- Monkeypox is transmitted through contact with infected animals, humans, or contaminated objects.
- PCR testing is a key diagnostic tool.
- Vaccines (JYNNEOS, ACAM2000) and antiviral medications (tecovirimat, brincidofovir, cidofovir) are available but have limitations in accessibility and require further study.
- Preventive measures and supportive care are crucial for disease control.
Conclusions:
- Effective management of monkeypox requires a multi-faceted approach, including public health interventions, accessible vaccination, and appropriate medical treatment.
- Continued vigilance and research are necessary to combat the global spread and impact of monkeypox.
- Patient education on symptom management, hygiene, and potential medication side effects is vital for controlling the disease.
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