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Representational risks associated with interview-based animated documentaries.

Alex Widdowson1

  • 1Queen Mary University of London.

Animation Practice, Process & Production
|February 7, 2024
PubMed
Summary

This study examines animated documentaries about autistic individuals, highlighting ethical representation challenges. Filmmakers must address potential biases and the "Othering" effect inherent in animation.

Keywords:
Otheringautismethicsevocationgazenon-mimetic substitutionpractice-based researchunconscious bias

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Area of Science:

  • Documentary Film Studies
  • Autism Representation
  • Media Ethics

Background:

  • Animated documentaries by non-autistic filmmakers present unique representational challenges when depicting autistic participants.
  • Existing scholarship often overlooks the specific ethical considerations arising from animation in documentary filmmaking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze representational issues in interview-based animated documentaries featuring autistic individuals.
  • To explore the risks of 'Othering' and uncover filmmaker bias within animated documentary productions.
  • To investigate how the cinematic gaze decodes ideological systems influencing participant representation.

Main Methods:

  • Case study analysis of three animated documentaries: 'A Is for Autism' (1992), 'An Alien in the Playground' (2009), and 'Drawing on Autism' (2021).
  • Application of psychoanalytic, film theory, and ethnographic frameworks.
  • Examination of cinematic techniques and their role in constructing representations.

Main Results:

  • Animated documentaries carry specific ethical responsibilities concerning participant representation, distinct from live-action.
  • Analysis revealed potential for 'Othering' and unconscious bias in filmmakers' portrayals.
  • The cinematic gaze can expose underlying ideological influences on representation.

Conclusions:

  • Animation in documentaries necessitates heightened ethical awareness regarding representation of autistic individuals.
  • Filmmakers must critically examine their biases and the impact of animation on portraying participants.
  • Further research into ethical practices in animated documentary filmmaking is crucial.