Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory01:26

Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory

809
Memory is one of the most vital higher mental functions of the brain. Memory is closely related to learning because it enables us to retain information and experiences from our past to use them in our present life. It also helps us to remember facts, events, and skills, such as riding a bike or swimming. There are two types of memory — declarative memory, which involves memorizing facts or events, and procedural memory, which enables us to remember how to do something like writing or...
809
Parallel Processing01:20

Parallel Processing

152
The brain processes sensory information rapidly due to parallel processing, which involves sending data across multiple neural pathways at the same time. This method allows the brain to manage various sensory qualities, such as shapes, colors, movements, and locations, all concurrently. For instance, when observing a forest landscape, the brain simultaneously processes the movement of leaves, the shapes of trees, the depth between them, and the various shades of green. This enables a quick and...
152
Implicit Memories01:24

Implicit Memories

130
Implicit memories, also known as non-declarative memories, are long-term memories that function outside of conscious awareness. These memories influence behavior and skills without explicit knowledge. This type of memory is evident in tasks like playing tennis, snowboarding, and texting. Implicit memory has three subsystems: procedural memory, conditioning, and priming. This type of memory is essential in various activities, from everyday tasks to specialized skills.
One key aspect of implicit...
130
Long-term Potentiation01:25

Long-term Potentiation

2.8K
Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Hebbian LTP
LTP can occur when...
2.8K
Elaborative Rehearsals01:07

Elaborative Rehearsals

86
Elaborative rehearsal is a crucial cognitive strategy that strengthens information encoding in long-term memory by making meaningful connections between new data and pre-existing knowledge. This approach contrasts with maintenance rehearsal, which involves simple repetition without delving into the significance of the information. While maintenance rehearsal might temporarily keep information active in short-term memory, it is less effective for long-term retention.
The effectiveness of...
86
Storage01:23

Storage

86
A schema is a mental framework that helps individuals organize and interpret information. Schemata, formed from previous experiences, influence how we process new information: how we encode it, the inferences we make, and how we retrieve it. For instance, a schema for what a typical classroom looks like might include desks, a teacher's desk, a whiteboard, and students in such an environment. This expectation helps us quickly understand and navigate new classrooms without needing to analyze...
86

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Brain dysfunctions and neurotoxicity induced by psychostimulants in experimental models and humans: an overview of recent findings.

Neural regeneration research·2024
Same author

Prenatal and postnatal drug exposure: focus on persistent central effects.

Neural regeneration research·2023
Same author

Introduction to the Special Issue on New Developments in Undergraduate Neuroscience Education.

Neuroscience letters·2021
Same author

The Neuroscience Classroom Remodeled with Team-Based Learning.

Journal of undergraduate neuroscience education : JUNE : a publication of FUN, Faculty for Undergraduate Neuroscience·2019
Same author

Non-Fiction Memoirs in the Neuroscience Classroom: A Window into the Minds of Those Affected by Addiction.

Journal of undergraduate neuroscience education : JUNE : a publication of FUN, Faculty for Undergraduate Neuroscience·2015
Same author

The use of haiku to convey complex concepts in neuroscience.

Journal of undergraduate neuroscience education : JUNE : a publication of FUN, Faculty for Undergraduate Neuroscience·2013
Same journal

An Advanced Undergraduate Laboratory Course: Calcium Imaging and Data Analysis - a Mini Graduate Research Experience.

Journal of undergraduate neuroscience education : JUNE : a publication of FUN, Faculty for Undergraduate Neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Investigating the Neural Control of Social Behavior in <i>Drosophila ⁠melanogaster</i> Using a Low-Cost Optogenetics System.

Journal of undergraduate neuroscience education : JUNE : a publication of FUN, Faculty for Undergraduate Neuroscience·2026
Same journal

A Novel Practical Session to Teach Concepts of Allometric Scaling of Brain Structures to Undergraduate Students Using Vertebrate Brains.

Journal of undergraduate neuroscience education : JUNE : a publication of FUN, Faculty for Undergraduate Neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Mindset Variations Among Undergraduate Neuroscience Students.

Journal of undergraduate neuroscience education : JUNE : a publication of FUN, Faculty for Undergraduate Neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Undergraduate Student Experience and Motivation Influence Perceived Benefits of Participation in Community Outreach.

Journal of undergraduate neuroscience education : JUNE : a publication of FUN, Faculty for Undergraduate Neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Effect of Neutral and Negative Images on Galvanic Skin Response: An Activity for Courses in Forensic, Affective, and Behavioral Neuroscience.

Journal of undergraduate neuroscience education : JUNE : a publication of FUN, Faculty for Undergraduate Neuroscience·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2025

Measuring Statistical Learning Across Modalities and Domains in School-Aged Children Via an Online Platform and Neuroimaging Techniques
08:05

Measuring Statistical Learning Across Modalities and Domains in School-Aged Children Via an Online Platform and Neuroimaging Techniques

Published on: June 30, 2020

7.6K

Deep versus Shallow Processing: A Learning and Memory Experiment for Asynchronous and Synchronous Online Platforms.

Alexia E Pollack1

  • 1Biology Department, University of Massachusetts-Boston, Boston, MA 20125.

Journal of Undergraduate Neuroscience Education : JUNE : a Publication of FUN, Faculty for Undergraduate Neuroscience
|February 7, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Deep word processing, focusing on meaning, significantly improves memory recall compared to shallow processing, which focuses on word appearance. This finding highlights effective learning strategies for students.

Keywords:
asynchronousdeep processinglearning and memory experimentneuroscience experimentremote instructionshallow processingsynchronousword recall

More Related Videos

The Double-H Maze: A Robust Behavioral Test for Learning and Memory in Rodents
09:01

The Double-H Maze: A Robust Behavioral Test for Learning and Memory in Rodents

Published on: July 8, 2015

12.6K
Eye-tracking Technology and Data-mining Techniques used for a Behavioral Analysis of Adults engaged in Learning Processes
10:43

Eye-tracking Technology and Data-mining Techniques used for a Behavioral Analysis of Adults engaged in Learning Processes

Published on: June 10, 2021

5.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 4, 2025

Measuring Statistical Learning Across Modalities and Domains in School-Aged Children Via an Online Platform and Neuroimaging Techniques
08:05

Measuring Statistical Learning Across Modalities and Domains in School-Aged Children Via an Online Platform and Neuroimaging Techniques

Published on: June 30, 2020

7.6K
The Double-H Maze: A Robust Behavioral Test for Learning and Memory in Rodents
09:01

The Double-H Maze: A Robust Behavioral Test for Learning and Memory in Rodents

Published on: July 8, 2015

12.6K
Eye-tracking Technology and Data-mining Techniques used for a Behavioral Analysis of Adults engaged in Learning Processes
10:43

Eye-tracking Technology and Data-mining Techniques used for a Behavioral Analysis of Adults engaged in Learning Processes

Published on: June 10, 2021

5.4K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Educational Psychology

Background:

  • Word processing involves deep (meaning-based) or shallow (appearance/sound-based) strategies.
  • Memory recall is influenced by the depth of information processing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of deep versus shallow word processing on memory recall.
  • To demonstrate an accessible online experiment for studying memory and learning strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Participants were divided into deep processing (likability judgment) and shallow processing (letter identification) groups.
  • A list of 24 words was presented, followed by a one-minute distractor task (backward calculation).
  • Participants recalled as many words as possible within two minutes.

Main Results:

  • The deep processing group recalled an average of 11-14 words.
  • The shallow processing group recalled an average of 8-10 words.
  • Deep processing led to a consistent recall advantage of 3-6 words over shallow processing.

Conclusions:

  • Meaning-based (deep) processing enhances word recall more effectively than appearance-based (shallow) processing.
  • The experiment provides a practical model for exploring cognitive processes and evidence-based learning practices.
  • Findings support the use of deep processing techniques for improved learning outcomes.