Risk Factors of Ischaemic Heart Disease in 419 385 Outpatients: a Long-term Comparative Study
A S Galyavych1, R N Khairullin2, L V Baleeva1
1Kazan State Medical University.
Insights
Polyclinic patients show a high prevalence of ischemic heart disease risk factors like hypertension and high cholesterol. Despite some improvements, these remain significant concerns for cardiovascular health.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Cardiovascular diseases remain a leading cause of mortality globally.
- Identifying and monitoring risk factors in primary care settings is crucial for public health initiatives.
- Polyclinic visits offer a valuable opportunity to assess population-level risk factor prevalence.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the incidence rate of easily measurable risk factors for ischemic heart disease (IHD) among patients attending local polyclinics.
- To analyze trends in key cardiovascular risk factors over a defined follow-up period.
Main Methods:
- A large cohort of 419,385 patients visiting polyclinics between 2018-2023 was analyzed.
- Key risk factors including arterial hypertension, total cholesterol (TC), and blood plasma glucose were identified.
- Data on blood pressure, glucose levels, TC, and body mass index were collected and analyzed.
Main Results:
- The proportion of patients with blood pressure >140/90 mmHg decreased, but remained high at 49.7% by study's end.
- A significant decrease was observed in patients with blood glucose >6.1 mmol/l, yet it still exceeded 10%.
- High total cholesterol levels (>5.2 mmol/l) persisted in 63.1% of patients, with no significant change observed.
Conclusions:
- Patients visiting residential polyclinics exhibit a persistent high incidence of major IHD risk factors.
- Arterial hypertension, elevated total cholesterol, and high blood glucose remain prevalent challenges in primary care.
- Effective public health strategies are needed to address these ongoing cardiovascular risk factors in the community.
Aim:
To determine the incidence rate of risk factors in patients who visited polyclinics at their place of residence.
Material And Methods:
The study included 419,385 patients who visited polyclinics in 2018-2023, in whom the most easily measurable risk factors for ischemic heart disease (IHD) were identified: arterial hypertension, total cholesterol (TC) and blood plasma glucose.
Results:
During 4 years of follow-up, the proportion of patients with blood pressure (BP) higher than 140/90 mm Hg decreased (35.9%). The proportion of patients with blood glucose higher than 6.1 mmol/l (4.2%) also significantly decreased. The proportion of patients with a TC level higher than 5.2 mmol/l as well as of patients with a body mass index higher than 30 kg/m2 did not significantly change (67.4% and 23.9%, respectively). An analysis of 274 deaths during the follow-up period showed that the main causes for death in patients with arterial hypertension were IHD (69.6%) and cerebrovascular diseases (30.3%).
Conclusion:
People who visited polyclinics at their place of residence retained a high incidence of easily measurable risk factors for IHD, including arterial hypertension, high TC and blood glucose. The proportion of patients with blood pressure higher than 140 and 90 mm Hg was 49.7%, the proportion of patients with TC higher than 5.2 mmol/l was 63.1%, and the proportion of patients with blood glucose higher than 6.1 mmol/l exceeded 10%.
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