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A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...
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  3. Research Domains
  5. Engineering
  7. Environmental Engineering
  9. Air Pollution Modelling And Control
  11. Large Decreases In Tailpipe Criteria Pollutant Emissions From The U.s. Light-duty Vehicle Fleet Expected In 2020-2040.

Large Decreases in Tailpipe Criteria Pollutant Emissions from the U.S. Light-Duty Vehicle Fleet Expected in 2020-2040.

Rachael H Dolan1, Timothy J Wallington2, James E Anderson1

  • 1Ford Motor Company, Research & Advanced Engineering, Dearborn, Michigan 48121, United States.

Environmental Science & Technology
|February 7, 2024

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View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The widespread adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) significantly cuts U.S. light-duty vehicle emissions. Continued fleet turnover and EV integration promise substantial reductions in pollutants and CO2 through 2040.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Transportation Engineering
  • Climate Change Studies

Background:

  • Emissions from the U.S. light-duty vehicle fleet have historically contributed to air pollution.
  • The transition to electric vehicles (EVs) presents a significant opportunity to mitigate these environmental impacts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the impact of large-scale electric vehicle introduction on criteria pollutants and CO2 emissions.
  • To project future emission trends for the U.S. light-duty vehicle fleet through 2040.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the U.S. EPA's MOVES3 model for emissions assessment.
  • Modeled scenarios with and without the introduction of battery electric vehicles (BEVs).
  • Analyzed fleet turnover, including new internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) with advanced emission controls.
Keywords:
criteria pollutantselectric vehiclesemissionsgreenhouse gas

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Main Results:

  • Significant reductions in criteria pollutants (CO, HC, NOx, PM2.5) and CO2 were observed from 2000-2020.
  • Without BEVs, absolute emissions are projected to decrease by 20-88% from 2020-2040.
  • With BEVs reaching 100% market share by 2040, additional emission reductions of 37-94% are projected for criteria pollutants and CO2.

Conclusions:

  • The large-scale introduction of electric vehicles is a key driver for substantial reductions in light-duty vehicle emissions.
  • Continued fleet modernization, including both BEVs and cleaner ICEVs, will lead to significant environmental benefits through 2040.
internal combustion engine