Mutation in BrFLS encoding flavonol synthase induced anthocyanin accumulation in Chinese cabbage

Area of Science:

• Plant genetics and breeding
• Biochemistry
• Crop science

Background:

• Chinese cabbage is a vital vegetable crop, with growing consumer demand for anthocyanin-rich varieties due to their nutritional and aesthetic benefits.
• Anthocyanins, responsible for vibrant colors, are increasingly sought after in food crops.
• Understanding the genetic basis of anthocyanin accumulation is key to developing improved varieties.

Purpose of the Study:

• To identify the gene responsible for anthocyanin accumulation in a purple Chinese cabbage mutant.
• To investigate the molecular mechanism underlying anthocyanin biosynthesis regulation.
• To provide a genetic target for breeding colorful Chinese cabbage.

Main Methods:

• Mutant screening and characterization of an anthocyanin accumulation mutant (aam1) in Chinese cabbage.
• MutMap mapping and KASP genotyping to identify the candidate causal gene (BraA10g030950.3C).
• Gene expression analysis, enzyme activity assays, and metabolite profiling.

Main Results:

• A recessive nuclear gene, BraA10g030950.3C, encoding flavonol synthase (BrFLS), was identified as the causal gene for anthocyanin accumulation.
• Mutations in BrFLS led to reduced flavonol synthase activity and increased anthocyanin biosynthesis.
• Expression of BrFLS was decreased, while BrDFR expression increased in mutants, shifting metabolic flux towards anthocyanins.

Conclusions:

• Mutation of the BrFLS gene is a key driver of anthocyanin accumulation in Chinese cabbage.
• This study identifies BrFLS as a crucial target for genetic modification to enhance Chinese cabbage coloration.
• The findings facilitate the development of novel, visually appealing, and nutritionally enhanced Chinese cabbage varieties.