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Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
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Is reduced heart rate variability associated with functional somatic disorders? A cross-sectional population-based

Torben Jørgensen1,2, Thomas Meinertz Dantoft3, Marie Weinreich Petersen4,5

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Functional somatic disorders (FSD) are linked to sympathetic nervous system predominance, indicated by lower heart rate variability (HRV). Chronic stress slightly influences this association but doesn't fully explain it.

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Area of Science:

  • Autonomic Nervous System Research
  • Psychophysiology
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Functional somatic disorders (FSD) are hypothesized to stem from sympathetic nervous system (SNS) overactivity, suggested by low heart rate variability (HRV).
  • Previous studies on HRV and FSD are limited by small sample sizes, selection bias, and failure to account for FSD symptom overlap.
  • This study investigates the association between HRV and various FSDs, considering the confounding effect of chronic stress.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the relationship between heart rate variability (HRV) and different functional somatic disorders (FSD).
  • To determine if chronic stress confounds the association between HRV and FSD.
  • To explore the role of sympathetic predominance in the pathophysiology of FSD.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional, general population-based study involving 6891 participants aged 18-72.
  • FSDs (chronic fatigue, widespread pain, irritable bowel, bodily distress) were assessed using validated questionnaires and interviews.
  • Heart rate variability (HRV) was measured using an 'E-motion' HR monitor, and chronic stress was assessed via Cohen's self-perceived stress scale. Logistic regression analyses were employed.

Main Results:

  • Individuals with FSD exhibited slightly higher mean heart rate (HR) and lower HRV in time-domain parameters.
  • Associations between FSD and HRV in frequency-domain parameters were inconsistent.
  • Adjusting for chronic stress led to a slight attenuation of the observed associations between FSD and HRV.

Conclusions:

  • The findings support the hypothesis of sympathetic predominance in individuals with FSD.
  • Chronic stress does not entirely account for the observed association between sympathetic activity and FSD.
  • Causality remains undetermined: it is unclear whether sympathetic predominance is a cause or a consequence of FSD.