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Host-specific co-evolution likely driven by diet in Buchnera aphidicola.

N Francois V Burger1, Vittorio F Nicolis1, Anna-Maria Botha2

  • 1Department of Genetics, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, 7601, South Africa.

BMC Genomics
|February 7, 2024
PubMed
Summary

The Russian wheat aphid

Keywords:
Buchnera aphidicolaComposite strainsDiuraphis noxiaEndosymbiontsGenome structure and gene conservationHost feeding

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Symbiosis
  • Insect-microbe interactions

Background:

  • The Russian wheat aphid (Diuraphis noxia) is a significant agricultural pest, with resistance breaking down due to evolving aphid populations.
  • Unlike most aphids, D. noxia harbors only one endosymbiont, Buchnera aphidicola, making its genome crucial for understanding aphid-host interactions.
  • This study investigates the Buchnera aphidicola genome in D. noxia to understand its unique symbiotic relationship.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assemble and analyze the genome of Buchnera aphidicola from D. noxia.
  • To compare the D. noxia Buchnera genome with those from Buchnera in other aphid species feeding on different hosts.
  • To identify key genomic features and evolutionary patterns within the D. noxia-Buchnera symbiosis.

Main Methods:

  • Genome assembly of Buchnera aphidicola from D. noxia.
  • Comparative genomic analysis with Buchnera from other aphid species.
  • Analysis of gene length, GC content, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).

Main Results:

  • Gene length and GC content are critical for maintaining Buchnera genes, with a mean GC content of approximately 26% correlating with identity to E. coli homologs.
  • Multiple Buchnera strains were identified within single D. noxia aphids, a novel finding for parthenogenetically reproducing aphids.
  • Preliminary evidence suggests post-transcriptional regulation, specifically polyadenylation, of Buchnera genes.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the correlation between GC content and gene identity aids in predicting gene loss in the shrinking Buchnera genome.
  • The discovery of multiple Buchnera strains in single aphids opens new avenues for research into symbiotic benefits and regulation.
  • This research provides insights into the genomic distinctiveness and symbiotic dynamics of Buchnera aphidicola in the Russian wheat aphid.