Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

44.3K
The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
44.3K
Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway

8.5K
Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
8.5K
Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

9.2K
The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
9.2K
Neuroplasticity01:01

Neuroplasticity

359
Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.
359

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

RBM12 Maintains Glioma Stem Cells by Activating Amino Acid-Dependent mTORC1 Signaling via SLC7A5 mRNA Stabilization.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2026
Same author

Flexible infrared camouflage eutectic gallium-indium for thermoelectric energy harvesting.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Author Correction: NRF1-mediated innate immune response drives inflammaging.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Development of nano-micro composite Xiaochaihu decoction granules for enhanced antipyretic and anti-inflammatory efficacy.

Analytical biochemistry·2026
Same author

Data-Constrained Recurrent Network Neural Model Uncovers the Circuit Mechanism of Olfactory OFF Responses.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Selenium alleviates cadmium-induced immune dysfunction in M1 macrophages by modulating energy metabolism.

Journal of trace elements in medicine and biology : organ of the Society for Minerals and Trace Elements (GMS)·2026
Same journal

A human-specific genetic modifier reconfigures large-scale cortical network dynamics underlying behavioral performance.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same journal

<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> uses a eukaryotic-like uridyltransferase to make UDP-GlcNAc for cell wall synthesis.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same journal

Dynamic redistribution of eIF4F controls cap-dependent translation initiation.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same journal

When does additional information improve accuracy of RNA secondary structure prediction?

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same journal

Normative brain-state trajectories reveal deviation from healthy aging in Alzheimer's disease.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same journal

Noradrenergic infraslow rhythm during sleep is the critical link between heart-rate dynamics and memory consolidation.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2025

A Lateralized Odor Learning Model in Neonatal Rats for Dissecting Neural Circuitry Underpinning Memory Formation
10:42

A Lateralized Odor Learning Model in Neonatal Rats for Dissecting Neural Circuitry Underpinning Memory Formation

Published on: August 18, 2014

9.0K

Plasticity in inhibitory networks improves pattern separation in early olfactory processing.

Shruti Joshi1,2, Seth Haney2, Zhenyu Wang3

  • 1Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, USA.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
|February 8, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Honeybees learn complex odors by adjusting their olfactory system. This neural plasticity enhances pattern separation, allowing bees to better distinguish rewarding scents from non-rewarding ones.

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Exploring Glial Influence in Experience-Dependent Synaptic Pruning During Critical Periods
07:13

Author Spotlight: Exploring Glial Influence in Experience-Dependent Synaptic Pruning During Critical Periods

Published on: March 1, 2024

677
An Objective and Reproducible Test of Olfactory Learning and Discrimination in Mice
09:33

An Objective and Reproducible Test of Olfactory Learning and Discrimination in Mice

Published on: March 22, 2018

8.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 4, 2025

A Lateralized Odor Learning Model in Neonatal Rats for Dissecting Neural Circuitry Underpinning Memory Formation
10:42

A Lateralized Odor Learning Model in Neonatal Rats for Dissecting Neural Circuitry Underpinning Memory Formation

Published on: August 18, 2014

9.0K
Author Spotlight: Exploring Glial Influence in Experience-Dependent Synaptic Pruning During Critical Periods
07:13

Author Spotlight: Exploring Glial Influence in Experience-Dependent Synaptic Pruning During Critical Periods

Published on: March 1, 2024

677
An Objective and Reproducible Test of Olfactory Learning and Discrimination in Mice
09:33

An Objective and Reproducible Test of Olfactory Learning and Discrimination in Mice

Published on: March 22, 2018

8.6K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Olfactory system research
  • Computational biology

Background:

  • Animals face challenges distinguishing similar odors due to complex mixtures and changing concentrations.
  • The honeybee antennal lobe (AL) must learn to associate diverse volatile blends with rewards.
  • Plasticity in the AL circuits is known, but its role in odor learning is unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore neural mechanisms and functions of plasticity in the early olfactory system of honeybees.
  • To understand how the honeybee olfactory system learns to associate odors with rewards.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a biophysical computational network model.
  • Incorporated in vivo electrophysiological data for model tuning.
  • Performed live imaging of the honeybee's antennal lobe (AL).
  • Analyzed a graph convolutional neural network for odor categorization.

Main Results:

  • The AL inhibitory network suppresses shared compounds and enhances distinct ones when trained with rewarded/unrewarded odors.
  • This leads to improved pattern separation and a more concise neural code.
  • Calcium imaging data supported these predictions.
  • A similar contrast enhancement mechanism was observed in a graph convolutional neural network.

Conclusions:

  • Inhibitory plasticity in the early olfactory network reshapes neural coding for efficient learning of complex odors.
  • This mechanism improves the honeybee's ability to discriminate between different scent profiles.