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Rate-programmed drug delivery systems release drugs in a controlled manner to maintain therapeutic levels. Three main designs include reservoir, matrix, and hybrid systems.Reservoir systems consist of a drug core enclosed within a membrane that controls drug release. In non-swelling reservoir systems, polymers like ethyl cellulose or polymethacrylates are used. These do not hydrate in aqueous media and control release through membrane thickness, porosity, or insolubility. This type includes...
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A Smart Skin for Hydrogels That Enables Switchable Solute Release.

Sai Nikhil Subraveti1, Sebastian M Peters1, Morine G Nader1

  • 1Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|February 8, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a novel "smart skin" for hydrogels, enabling controlled, repeatable ON/OFF release of encapsulated solutes. This breakthrough offers precise control over drug delivery and other applications.

Keywords:
smart gating membranesmart valvestimuli-responsive membraneswitchable membranetunable permeability

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Hydrogels are widely used for solute delivery, but rapid diffusion leads to premature leakage of encapsulated substances.
  • Existing methods lack precise control over solute release, necessitating a system for tunable ON/OFF delivery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a hydrogel system with a controllable, repeatable ON/OFF switch for solute release.
  • To demonstrate the efficacy of a redox-responsive "smart skin" for regulating solute diffusion.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesized a thin, transparent polymer "smart skin" around a hydrogel using urethane and acrylate monomers with thioether groups.
  • Utilized redox-responsive properties of thioethers, converting them to hydrophilic sulfoxides with oxidants (e.g., H2O2) to enable release.
  • Reverted the skin to a hydrophobic state using reducing agents (e.g., vitamin C) to switch release OFF.

Main Results:

  • The smart skin demonstrated rapid synthesis (∼10 min) and effective prevention of solute leakage in its OFF state (hydrophobic, water contact angle 102°).
  • Redox stimuli successfully switched solute release ON (hydrophilic skin, water contact angle 42°) and OFF, achieving cyclical control.
  • Release rate in the ON state was tunable by adjusting skin thickness and oxidant concentration.

Conclusions:

  • A novel smart skin enables perfect, cyclical ON-OFF solute release from hydrogels for the first time.
  • This technology offers significant potential for applications in drug delivery, separations, and agriculture.
  • The redox-switchable smart skin provides a versatile platform for controlled solute delivery systems.