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When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
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An Agent-Based Model Shows How Mixed Infections Drive Multiyear Pathotype Dynamics in a Plant-Virus System.

Bruno Cuevas-Zuviria1, Aurora Fraile1, Fernando García-Arenal1

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Pathogen competition within plants drives virus evolution. This study models plant-virus dynamics, revealing how within-host competition influences multiyear pathotype evolution and the effectiveness of control strategies.

Keywords:
coinfectioncompetitionepidemicspepperresistanceroguingsimulationtobamovirus

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Area of Science:

  • Plant pathology
  • Epidemiology
  • Mathematical modeling

Background:

  • Mathematical models are crucial for understanding plant pathogen evolution and epidemiology.
  • Plant-virus systems involve complex interactions influencing pathogen dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the impact of intrinsic and extrinsic traits on virus pathotype dynamics in heterogeneous plant systems.
  • To develop an agent-based model incorporating pathogen life-history traits and transmission routes.

Main Methods:

  • An agent-based epidemiological model was developed for the tobamovirus-pepper pathosystem.
  • The model integrated traits like virulence, transmission, survival, and within-host competition.
  • Simulations explored resistance-breaking mutations and control measures (host resistance, roguing).

Main Results:

  • Pleiotropic effects of resistance-breaking mutations on virus traits were integrated to assess resistance-breaking costs.
  • Model simulations predicted multiyear pathotype dynamics.
  • The impact of host resistance and roguing on pathogen populations under evolutionary pressure was evaluated.

Conclusions:

  • Pathogen competition within mixed-infected hosts is a critical factor driving overall pathogen fitness.
  • Within-host competition significantly influences multiyear virus pathotype dynamics.
  • Understanding these dynamics is key for effective disease management strategies.