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Related Concept Videos

Potential Due to a Magnetized Object01:24

Potential Due to a Magnetized Object

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Magnetic dipoles in magnetic materials are aligned when placed under an external magnetic field. For paramagnets and ferromagnets, dipole alignment occurs in the direction of the magnetic field. However, the dipoles align opposite to the field in the case of diamagnets. This state of magnetic polarization due to the external field is called magnetization. Magnetization is defined as the dipole moment per unit volume. It plays a similar role to polarization in electrostatics.
The vector...
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Energy In A Magnetic Field01:24

Energy In A Magnetic Field

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If a magnetic field is sustained, there must be a current in a closed circuit or loop, implying some energy has been spent in creating the field. If this energy is not dissipated via the circuit's resistance, it is stored in the field.
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Design Example: Automobile Ignition System01:14

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The automobile's ignition system plays a vital role by ensuring the timely ignition of the fuel-air mixture in each cylinder. This ignition is facilitated by a spark plug, which is composed of two electrodes separated by an air gap. A spark forms across this air gap when a substantial voltage is generated between the electrodes, leading to the ignition of the fuel.
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Energy Stored in Inductors01:16

Energy Stored in Inductors

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An inductor is ingeniously crafted to accumulate energy within its magnetic field. This field is a direct result of the current that meanders through its coiled structure. When this current maintains a steady state, there is no detectable voltage across the inductor, prompting it to mimic the behavior of a short circuit when faced with direct current.
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Diamagnetism01:26

Diamagnetism

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Materials consisting of paired electrons have zero net magnetic moments. However, when these materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Such materials are called diamagnets. Diamagnetism is the response of the diamagnets when placed in an external magnetic field.
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Magnetism01:30

Magnetism

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Magnets are commonly found in everyday objects, such as toys, hangers, elevators, doorbells, and computer devices. Experimentation on these magnets shows that all magnets have two poles: one is labeled north (N) and the other south (S). Magnetic poles repel if they are alike and attract if unlike. Moreover, both poles of a magnet attract unmagnetized pieces of iron.
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Updated: Jul 4, 2025

Preparation and Reactivity of Gasless Nanostructured Energetic Materials
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High-Energy-Density Material with Magnetically Modulated Ignition.

James E Allen1, Sergey V Zybin2, Sergey I Morozov3

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th St. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|February 8, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a novel energetic material, a manganese-nitrogen cluster, whose decomposition is slowed by magnetic fields. This discovery presents the first magnetically modulated explosive, opening new avenues in energetic materials science.

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Area of Science:

  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • High-energy-density energetic materials are crucial for various applications.
  • Controlling the decomposition of energetic materials is a key challenge.
  • Redox-frustrated systems offer unique properties for energetic material design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize a novel redox-frustrated high-energy-density energetic material.
  • To investigate the influence of magnetic ordering on the decomposition of this material.
  • To experimentally validate the prediction of magnetic field-induced retardation of decomposition.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of a Mn6N6 hexagonal prismatic cluster via protolysis.
  • Quantum mechanics-based molecular dynamics simulations to predict decomposition pathways.
  • Experimental testing of ignition onset temperature under an applied magnetic field.

Main Results:

  • Successful synthesis of the Mn6N6 cluster, Mn6(μ3-NTzBuMe)6(ClO4)6.
  • Simulations predicted that magnetic ordering of Mn2+ ions affects decomposition rates.
  • Experimental results confirmed that a 0.5 T magnetic field increased ignition onset temperature by +10.4 ± 3.9 °C.

Conclusions:

  • The study demonstrates the first example of a magnetically modulated explosive.
  • Applied magnetic fields can significantly retard the initiation of decomposition in this energetic material.
  • This finding opens new possibilities for controlling energetic material behavior through external magnetic fields.